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GCSE PE - command words and vocabulary > GCSE PE - subject specific vocabulary > Flashcards

GCSE PE - subject specific vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Ability meaning

A

Inherited, stable traits that determine an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill

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2
Q

Adaptability meaning

A

The potential to change with ease

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3
Q

Adrenaline meaning

A

Natural hormone released to speed heart rate up

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4
Q

Aerobic meaning + equation

A

With oxygen. When exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can supply all the oxygen that the working muscles need.
Summarised as: glucose + oxygen —> energy + carbon dioxide + water

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5
Q

Aerobic training zone definition and how to find the training zone

A

The aerobic training zone allows the aerobic system to be trained. To define the aerobic training zone:
1. Calculate maximum heart rate (220 bpm) minus age: 220 - age
2. Work at 60-80% of maximum heart rate

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6
Q

Aggression meaning

A

A deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, which can be physical or mental (see direct and indirect aggression)

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7
Q

Agility meaning

A

The ability to move and change direction quickly (at speed) whilst maintaining control

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8
Q

Agonist (prime mover) meaning

A

Muscle or group responsible for the movement

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9
Q

Altitude meaning

A

A geographical area (of land) which is over 2,000 m above sea level

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10
Q

Altitude training (traditional) meaning

A

Training at altitude where there is less oxygen. The body adapts by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen. The additional oxygen carrying red blood cells is an advantage for endurance athletes returning to sea level to compete.

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11
Q

Altitude sickness definition

A

Nausea caused by training at altitude

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12
Q

Alveoli definition

A

Air sacs in the lungs

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13
Q

Amateur definition

A

This terms defines someone who:
- takes part in an activity as a hobby, rather than for financial gain
- has another main job outside of sport
- takes part for fun
- could be at a lower level

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14
Q

Anabolic steroids - what are they and who may use them?

A

Artificially produced male hormones mimicking testosterone. They promote muscle and bone growth, and reduce recovery time. Often used by power athletes, eg. sprinters

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15
Q

Anaerobic meaning, when it occurs and equation

A

Without oxygen. When exercise duration is short and at high intensity, the heart and lungs cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the respiring cells need them.
Summarised as: glucose —> energy + lactic acid

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16
Q

Antagonist meaning

A

Acts to produce the opposite action to the agonist. They work in antagonistic pairs.

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17
Q

Arousal definition

A

A physical and mental (physiological and psychological) state of alertness/readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement/alertness.

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18
Q

Articulating bones meaning

A

Where 2 or more bones meet to allow movement at a joint.

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19
Q

Axis meaning and types of axis

A

Imaginary line through the body around which it rotates.
Types of axis:
- longitudinal (or vertical) - head to toe
- transverse - through the hips
- sagittal - through the belly button

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20
Q

Backflow definition and how it’s prevented

A

The flowing backwards of blood. Valves in the veins prevent this from happening.

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21
Q

Balance meaning and when it applies

A

The maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support. Reference can be made to whilst static (still) or dynamic (whilst moving)

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22
Q

Balanced diet definition

A

It is defined as eating:
- the right amount (for energy expended)
- the right amount of calories
- according to how much you exercise
- different food types to provide suitable nutrients, vitamins and minerals

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23
Q

Beta blockers definition and effect

A

Drugs that are used to steady nerves by controlling heart rate. They have a calming and relaxing effect.

24
Q

(Blood) doping definition

A

Defined by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) as the misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase one’s red blood cell count

25
Q

Blood pressure types and definition

A

The pressure that blood is under.
Types of pressure:
- systolic - when the heart is contracting
- diastolic - when the heart is relaxed

26
Q

Body composition meaning

A

The percentage of body weight which is fat and non-fat (muscle and bone)

27
Q

Calorie definition

A

A unit which measures heat or energy production in the body, normally expressed as Kcal

28
Q

Carbohydrate definition

A

The body’s preferred energy score

29
Q

Cardiac cycle definition

A

The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole (see blood pressure) in the atria and the ventricles (see heart chambers)

30
Q

Cardiac output meaning

A

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute OR stroke volume x heart rate

31
Q

Cardio-vascular endurance (aerobic power) definition

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles

32
Q

Circuit training - what is it?

A

A series of exercise stations whereby periods of work are interspersed with periods of rest

33
Q

Closed season meaning

A

Post (transition) - it is defined as:
- period of rest to recuperate
- players doing gentle aerobic exercise to maintain general fitness
- fully rested and ready for pre-season training

34
Q

Closed skill definition

A

A skill which is not affected by the environment or performers within it. The skill tends to be done the same way each time.

35
Q

Commercialisation meaning

A

To manage or exploit (an organisation, activity, etc) in a way designed to make a profit.
NOTE: The specification refers to commercialised activity as being sponsorship and the media only.

36
Q

Coordination definition

A

The ability to use different (2 or more) parts of the body together, smoothly and efficiently.

37
Q

Competition season (peak) definition

A

It is defined as:
- the playing season
- taking part in matches every week
- maintenance of fitness related to the activity but not too much training as it may cause fatigue, which would decrease performance
- concentration on skills/set plays to improve team performance

38
Q

Continuous training meaning and what does it improve?

A

Involves working for a sustained period of time without rest. It improves cardiovascular fitness. Sometimes referred to as a steady state training.

39
Q

Contract to compete - what is it?

A

An unwritten agreement to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules.

40
Q

Deep breathing - what is it?

A

Slow, deep breaths whilst relaxed

41
Q

Dehydration meaning

A

Excessive loss of body water interrupting the function of the body

42
Q

Hydration meaning

A

Having enough water to enable normal functioning of the body

43
Q

Rehydration meaning

A

Consuming water to restore hydration

44
Q

Direct aggression definition

A

An aggressive act which involves physical contact with others, eg. a punch

45
Q

Diuretic drugs - what are they?

A

Drugs that remove fluids from the body, elevating the rate of bodily urine excretion

46
Q

Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) - what is it?

A

The pain felt in the muscles the day after exercise.

47
Q

Ectomorph definition

A

A somatotype, characterised by a pear shaped body/fatness. Individuals with wide hips and narrow shoulders.

48
Q

Excess post - exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) - what is it?

A

Sometimes referred to as oxygen debt (now an outdated term), EPOC refers to the amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise. EPOC enables lactic acid to be converted to glucose, carbon dioxide and water (using oxygen). It explains why we continue to breathe deeply and quickly after exercise.

49
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO) - what is it?

A

A type of peptide hormone that increases the red blood cell count

50
Q

Etiquette - what is it?

A

A convention or unwritten rule in an activity. It is not an enforceable rule but it is usually observed.

51
Q

Expire meaning

A

To breathe out

52
Q

Externally-paced skill - what is it?

A

The skill that is started because of an external factor. The speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by external factors eg. an opponent

53
Q

Extrinsic feedback - what is it?

A

Feedback received from outside of the performer, eg. from a coach. See kinaesthetic feedback for a comparison.

54
Q

Extrovert meaning

A

Sociable, active, talkative, out-going personality type usually associated with team sports players.

55
Q

Fartlek training - what is it?

A

Swedish for “speed play”. Periods of fast work with intermittent periods of slower work. Often used in running, eg. sprint, jog, walk, jog, sprint

GCSE PE - command words and vocabulary (2 decks)

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