gcse pe

Question 1

movement

Answer 1

movement ~ skeleton structure allows muscle attachment/ provides leverage to enable movement

Question 2

protection

Answer 2

protection ~ bones help protect vital organs e.g. cranium protects the brain

Question 3

posture

Answer 3

skeleton / skeletal structure gives correct shape to the body

Question 4

support

Answer 4

bones provide framework and give us shape

Question 5

red blood cells

Answer 5

large bones contain marrow that produce red blood cells

Question 6

minerals

Answer 6

bones store calcium, potassium and iron

Question 7

what is a synovial joint?

Answer 7

a synovial joint is freely moveable/ allows movement

Question 8

what is a hinge joint type

Answer 8

elbow and knee joint that allows flexion and extension

Question 9

what is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 9

shoulder and hip joints that allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction

Question 10

what is abduction in the horizontal plane

Answer 10

arm moves out from chest e.g. release of a discus

Question 11

what is adduction in the horizontal plane?

Answer 11

arm moves across the chest e.g. preparation of a discus throw

Question 12

Agonist:

Answer 12

is the prime mover allowing muscles to contract (shortens)

Question 13

Antagonist:

Answer 13

the muscle that relaxes allowing the muscle to extend

Question 14

Movement at the shoulder:

Answer 14

flexion:
agonist - deltoids
antagonist - latissimus dorsi

extension:
agonist - deltoids
antagonist - latissimus dorsi

abduction:
agonist - deltoids
antagonist - latissimus dorsi

adduction:
agonist - latissimus dorsi
antagonist - deltoids

Question 15

abduction in the horizontal plane:

Answer 15

agonist - pectoral
antagonist - trapezius

Question 16

adduction in the horizontal plane:

Answer 16

agonist - trapezius
antagonist - pectoral

Question 17

movement at the hip:

Answer 17

extension:
agonist - gluteals

adduction:
agonist - gluteals

abduction
agonist - gluteals

Question 18

Movement at the ankle:

Answer 18

Plantar flexion (pointing toes)
agonist - gastrocnemius

Question 19

Movement of the vertebral column / hip joint:

Answer 19

flexion, bending forward (sit ups)
Agonist - abdominals

Question 20

Levers:

Answer 20

F = Fulcrum (joint)
L = Load (weight/ resistance/ body part)
E = Effort (muscle)

Question 21

examples of levers

Answer 21

1st class lever - heading a football
2nd class lever - jumping to head a football
3rd class lever - bicep curl

Question 22

What are levers mechanical advantage?

Answer 22

the ability to move a large load with a small effort. When the effort is further away from the fulcrum

Question 23

Planes + axis (table)

Answer 23

frontal plane, frontal axis, cartwheel
saggital plane, tranverse axis, summersault
tranverse plane, longitudinal axis, pirouette

Question 24

aerobic and anaerobic differences: (table)

Answer 24

aerobic:
oxygen is used
no lactic acid is formed
low/ moderate intensity
continuous (3+ min)
marathon

anaerobic:
no oxygen is used
lactic acid is produced
high intensity
short bursts (10 seconds)
100m sprint

Question 25

short and long term effects - CV system

Answer 25

short term:
increased heart rate
increased stroke volume
increased cardiac output
redistribution of blood flow

long term:
decreased resting heart rate
increased resting stroke volume
increased cardiac output
increased speed of recovery
capillarisation
hypertrophy of the heart
decrease in chance of heart disease

Question 26

short and long term effects - muscles and bones

Answer 26

short term:
increased muscle temperature
production of lactic acid

long term:
increased bone density
hypertrophy or muscles
increased strength of muscles
increased muscular endurance and resistance to fatigue
increased flexibility of muscles

Question 27

short and long term effects - respiratory system:

Answer 27

short term:
increased breathing frequency
increased tidal volume
increased minute ventilation

long term:
increased aerobic capacity
increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
increased tidal volume
increased minute ventilation
increase in alveoli
decreased chance of lung disease