GCSE - Geography Paper 1 UK Flashcards
I went on a boat trip on summer but the waves were low then i did it again later in the year and the waves were tall. Why was it like that?
Constructive waves are more common in the summer and destructive in the summer
What is the process called when sediment is taken away from the beach?
Coastal erosion
How are hard rock coast different to soft rock coast?
Hard rock has resistant, strong rock (igneous rock)
Soft rock has less resistant rock like clay and sandstone.
How are joints and faults similar?
They both are weaknesses that are caused are caused naturally weaken rocks and can make arch stacks and stump.
Are cracks are smaller that joints
No they aren’t
Where do you find erosional and depositional landforms?
Discordant coastline
Where are you most likely to find erosional landforms only?
Concordant coastlines
In concordant coastline prevailing wind is ____________ to the coastline.
Parallel
Which type of coastline would you be most likely to find caves, cliffs and bays?
Concordant
Which coastline has bays?
Discordant
What does hydraulic action do to cracks?
Air and water goes into cracks and pressure builds up and makes it bigger.
What does abrasion do?
Rocks that break off go on top of waves and hit the cliff with the rocks and water.
What is solution?
It is when acids hits chalk or limestone and dissolves it
What is attrition?
It makes rocks hit each other and becomes smaller and smoother
What effects the destructiveness of waves?
The wind speed, strength, duration and fetch
Explain the progression of arch stacks and stumps
Hydraulic action goes into cracks and air and water create pressure and makes cracks bigger into a fault and it carries on into a cave then forces through into a arch and then pressure from no support means that they fall leaving a stack and then waves weaken the stack causing it to fall and then into a stump
How does LSD work?
The sediment that was pushed by the waves by prevailing wind cause it to to go up on the swash and then gravity pulls it down the quickest way to the sea and swash does it again and again.
How are spits formed?
LSD carries on until they reach the edge and then they go off and sudden changes in prevailing wind makes those spikes.
How are beaches formed?
Beaches are formed when sediment that got eroded off the side of the cliff falls down and LSD makes it go into the bay because of sheltered condition where the bay is.
How is a bar formed?
When a LSD creates a spit across the water when it reaches the other side or reaches land then it creates a bar the water behind it is a lagoon.
How do groynes slow down LSD?
As LSD occurs the sand carries on but gets stuck by the groynes then beach nourishment can make the beach go flat again but constant beach nourishment must happen.
How does industry effect coastline?
Industry like boat docking when spits are formed they want it not form a bar so ships can still dock there because the area behind the spit is calm. Also when shops and high value places are there it makes the value of the coastline increase making the cost for beach management better than lower value places
Why is sea level rising?
Sea level is rising because ice on land is melting because the green house effect is increasing with pollution and makes it melt quicker. And thermal expansion means when water is given more energy(heat) it expands
How bad will sea level rising get?
If there was a 2m rise in sea levels then the the surround of the UK will be shortened, especially the east coast of the UK