GCSE - Geography Paper 1 UK

Question 1

I went on a boat trip on summer but the waves were low then i did it again later in the year and the waves were tall. Why was it like that?

Answer 1

Constructive waves are more common in the summer and destructive in the summer

Question 2

What is the process called when sediment is taken away from the beach?

Answer 2

Coastal erosion

Question 3

How are hard rock coast different to soft rock coast?

Answer 3

Hard rock has resistant, strong rock (igneous rock)

Soft rock has less resistant rock like clay and sandstone.

Question 4

How are joints and faults similar?

Answer 4

They both are weaknesses that are caused are caused naturally weaken rocks and can make arch stacks and stump.

Question 5

Are cracks are smaller that joints

Answer 5

No they aren’t

Question 6

Where do you find erosional and depositional landforms?

Answer 6

Discordant coastline

Question 7

Where are you most likely to find erosional landforms only?

Answer 7

Concordant coastlines

Question 8

In concordant coastline prevailing wind is ____________ to the coastline.

Answer 8

Parallel

Question 9

Which type of coastline would you be most likely to find caves, cliffs and bays?

Answer 9

Concordant

Question 10

Which coastline has bays?

Answer 10

Discordant

Question 11

What does hydraulic action do to cracks?

Answer 11

Air and water goes into cracks and pressure builds up and makes it bigger.

Question 12

What does abrasion do?

Answer 12

Rocks that break off go on top of waves and hit the cliff with the rocks and water.

Question 13

What is solution?

Answer 13

It is when acids hits chalk or limestone and dissolves it

Question 14

What is attrition?

Answer 14

It makes rocks hit each other and becomes smaller and smoother

Question 15

What effects the destructiveness of waves?

Answer 15

The wind speed, strength, duration and fetch

Question 16

Explain the progression of arch stacks and stumps

Answer 16

Hydraulic action goes into cracks and air and water create pressure and makes cracks bigger into a fault and it carries on into a cave then forces through into a arch and then pressure from no support means that they fall leaving a stack and then waves weaken the stack causing it to fall and then into a stump

Question 17

How does LSD work?

Answer 17

The sediment that was pushed by the waves by prevailing wind cause it to to go up on the swash and then gravity pulls it down the quickest way to the sea and swash does it again and again.

Question 18

How are spits formed?

Answer 18

LSD carries on until they reach the edge and then they go off and sudden changes in prevailing wind makes those spikes.

Question 19

How are beaches formed?

Answer 19

Beaches are formed when sediment that got eroded off the side of the cliff falls down and LSD makes it go into the bay because of sheltered condition where the bay is.

Question 20

How is a bar formed?

Answer 20

When a LSD creates a spit across the water when it reaches the other side or reaches land then it creates a bar the water behind it is a lagoon.

Question 21

How do groynes slow down LSD?

Answer 21

As LSD occurs the sand carries on but gets stuck by the groynes then beach nourishment can make the beach go flat again but constant beach nourishment must happen.

Question 22

How does industry effect coastline?

Answer 22

Industry like boat docking when spits are formed they want it not form a bar so ships can still dock there because the area behind the spit is calm. Also when shops and high value places are there it makes the value of the coastline increase making the cost for beach management better than lower value places

Question 23

Why is sea level rising?

Answer 23

Sea level is rising because ice on land is melting because the green house effect is increasing with pollution and makes it melt quicker. And thermal expansion means when water is given more energy(heat) it expands

Question 24

How bad will sea level rising get?

Answer 24

If there was a 2m rise in sea levels then the the surround of the UK will be shortened, especially the east coast of the UK

Question 25

How will climate effect erosion?

Answer 25

If at a hotter climate place thermal expansion increase sea levels along with melting ice on land and the greenhouse effect. This means the point where waves meet the cliff it will erode quicker

Question 26

How will climate effect deposition?

Answer 26

As erosion increases loads of sediment gets dumped into the sea waves pick it up and drop it off at land.

Question 27

Give one example hard sea management

Answer 27

Groynes. The break the wave causing it to break earlier, but it also stops LSD.

Question 28

Give one example of soft sea management.

Answer 28

Beach nourishment. Where they bring in bulldozers and they put the sand back where it was before.

Question 29

Give three differences of hard and soft sea management.

Answer 29

• hard is more expensive than soft.
• hard is more obvious to see than soft.
• hard works against nature, soft works with nature

Question 30

Why are ICZM management better than others?

Answer 30

• They look at the coast as a whole (what is next to that area)
• They look at how much that area is valued

Question 31

Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in UK of igneous rocks

Answer 31

Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They are 4.5 billion years old. Basalt, granite and andesite all found in the lowlands around everywhere is Scotland.

Question 32

Give a definition, approximate age, 3 examples and location in UK of sedimentary rocks

Answer 32

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and cementation of that material at the Earth’s surface and skeletons of aquatic creatures. 250 million years of age. Oolitic limestone at central England, millstone grit at north an England slates and shales at Wales.

Question 33

Compare metamorphic and igneous rock

Answer 33

Igneous rocks are formed by magma from the molten interior of the Earth. When magma erupts it cools to form volcanic landforms. When it cools inside the Earth it forms intrusive rock, which may later be exposed by erosion and weathering. Intrusive rock will have large crystals as it has cooled slowly. Magma that has cooled on the surface is known as extrusive rock. This will have a small crystals as it has cooled quickly. Whilst, metamorphic rock has been under a lot of heat and pressure, which made it change into metamorphic rock not igneous. It is usually resistant to weathering and erosion and is therefore very hard wearing.

Question 34

Compare the formation and characteristics of granite and carboniferous limestone.

Answer 34

Granite was formed intrusively from magma cooling but, carboniferous limestone is formed by stones falling to the bottom and the skeletons of dead fish and other stones compacted it down and then cementation made them stick together. Granite contains crystals of quartz (glassy), feldspar (white), mica (shiny black) and is very resistant. On the other hand carboniferous limestone is permeable with underground rivers, passages and caves and is generally resistant.

Question 35

Compare the formation and characteristics of chalk and slate.

Answer 35

Chalk was formed like limestone but younger and purer but slate formed by heated muds or shale. Chalk is very porous medium resistance but stronger than clays and younger sands. Slate is very resistant.

Question 36

Explain when and how active volcanoes shaped the uplands of the UK.

Answer 36

That material could be any combination of magma, which is lava once it reaches Earth’s surface, rock fragments, ash, and gas. The different shapes of these landforms are determined by how the magma flowing out of specific volcanoes and how quickly they cool.

Question 37

Explain how glacial erosion and deposition shaped the UK uplands.

Answer 37

.glaciers eroded massive chunks of land away and created valleys and the deposition have created moraines.

Question 38

Explain when and how sedimentary rock was formed across the UK Lowlands.

Answer 38

Million of years ago the UK was underneath tropical water and stones and skeletons have fallen and compacted and cemented and been in layers/strata.

Question 39

Explain how glacial deposition shaped the UK Lowlands.

Answer 39

As a huge glacier covered all of Ireland, Scotland and Wales it erodes parts of the lowlands and deposited a lot of rocks and fertile land onto the lowlands.

Question 40

Explain how scarp and vale topography forms in the UK Lowlands.

Answer 40

This is when two plates come and cumple and push each other on top of one another and goes up. And then glaciers erode it away and we are left with jagged scraps which are the edges and vale which is the base and a river would be here but the water froze letting water run off and then melt back into the ground to the sea.

Question 41

Compare the weathering that is found in the uplands and lowlands.

Answer 41

There is solution weathering on limestone but it is slow. Their is also physical and biological weathering in a lot of parts in the UK

Question 42

Compare misfit rivers and dry valleys (location, characteristics, formation).

Answer 42

Misfit rivers are located at valleys and are called misfits because they are small, thing, go in between the dips of land of valleys they are formed by glaciers melting and leaving water behind. Dry valleys are when there is now water but has clearly been eroded and has visible marks of water. It is formed by water going into cracks and freezing and then the water goes away and then it melts and water goes through the ground.

Question 43

Explain how glaciers have affected both landscapes.

Answer 43

Glaciers have been covering Scotland, Ireland and Wales for a long time moving, plucking, transporting materials, rocks and minerals. So uplands have been eroded by glaciers and lowlands have been deposited by glaciers.

Question 44

Explain 2 ways humans have affected the Upland landscape

Answer 44

They use it for farming lands and cattle grazing and cutting down Forrest and making artificial Forrest’s just to cut down cut down and sell for the economy.

Question 45

Explain 2 ways humans have affected the Lowland landscape.

Answer 45

The land here was deposited by glaciers so the land is very fertile and flare which makes it perfect for farms and also settlements becuase it is easier to use flat lands than jagged edges