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1
Q

how do you test for ammonium NH4+?

A

add sodium hydroxide, warm test with red litmus paper

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2
Q

what is the result of testing ammonium NH4+?

A

the damp red litmus paper should turn blue

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3
Q

how do you test copper (II) Cu2+?

A

add sodium hydroxide

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4
Q

what should be the result of testing copper (II)?

A

it should result in a light blue precipitate

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5
Q

how do you test for iron (II)?

A

add sodium hydroxide

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6
Q

what is the result of testing for iron (II)?

A

a green precipitate should be formed

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7
Q

how do you test for iron (III)?

A

add sodium hydroxide

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8
Q

what is the result of testing for iron (III)?

A

a red/brown precipitate should be formed

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9
Q

how do you test for aluminium ?

A

by adding sodium hydroxide

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10
Q

what colour of precipitate does aluminium turn when tested for?

A

white

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11
Q

what colour does lithium turn a flame?

A

red

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12
Q

what colour does potassium turn a flame?

A

lilac

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13
Q

what colour does sodium turn a flame?

A

yellow

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14
Q

what colour does copper turn a flame?

A

blue/green

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15
Q

what colour does calcium turn a flame?

A

orange/red

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16
Q

how do you test for a chloride?

A

add nitric acid then add silver nitrate

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17
Q

what colour precipitate does choride result in?

A

white precipitate

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18
Q

how do you test for bromide?

A

add nitric acid then add silver nitrate

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19
Q

what coloured precipitate does bromide result in when tested for?

A

cream

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20
Q

how do you test for iodide?

A

add nitric acid then add silver nitrate

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21
Q

what coloured precipitate does iodide result in when tested for?

A

yellow

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22
Q

how do you test for sulfate?

A

by adding barium chloride

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23
Q

what coloured precipitate does sulfate produce when tested for?

A

white

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24
Q

how do you test for carbonate

A

add acid bubble gas through lime water

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25
how do you know if carbonate is present when tested for?
bubbles, limewater turns cloudy
26
what is starch broken down by?
amylaze
27
what is a polymer of glucose?
starch
28
what is maltose broken down by?
maltase
29
which organs produce amylaze?
the Salivary Glands, the pancreas and the small intestines
30
what enzyme breaks down protein?
proteases
31
what are proteins broken down into?
amino acids
32
what are two examples of proteases?
trypsin and pepsin
33
which organs produce protease
the stomach, the pancreas, the small intestine
34
what does the term lipids refer to?
fats and oils
35
what are lipids broken down by?
lipase enzymes
36
what are lipids converted into?
fatty acids and glycerol
37
is bile an enzyme?
nope
38
how does bile help with digestion
bile emulsifies the lipids which increases the surface area for lipase enymes to break them down
39
which organs is lipase produced in?
the pancreas and small intestine
40
which side of the light spectrum has the longest waves
the red side
41
what helps provide evidence for the big bang?
red shift
42
how many galaxys show red shift?
almost all of them
43
what is a nebula?
a large collection of dust and gas
44
what pulls the gas and dust in a nebula together to form a protostar?
the attraction of gravity
45
what changes happen as a nebula becomes a protostar?
an increase in heat and pressure, nuclear fusion could initiate, it becomes more dense
46
after a protostar what will it become?
a main sequence star
47
what stage is our sun currently in?
the main sequence
48
what are the two options for a star after the main sequence?
1. a red giant 2. a red super giant
49
what does a main sequence fuse hydrogen to make?
helium
50
how are elements heavier than iron formed?
a supernova
51
what is formed after a red giant?
a white dwarf then a black dwarf
52
what is the next step in a red super giants lifecycle?
it explodes into a supernova
53
after a supernova what two things could happen?
1. it could condense into a neutron star 2. it could collapse into a black hole
54
what improvements did newton make to telescopes in the 1600s?
mirrors
55
what type of light can simple optical telescopes detect?
visible light
56
what are the two main advantages of space telescopes?
1. they can detect faint light from stars and distant galaxys 2. they do not experience atmospheric distortion due to the earths atmosphere
57
58
what is a disadvantage of space telescopes?
they are expensive to build
59
what is a satellite?
any object that orbits a celestial body eg a planet or star
60
61
what shapes are the orbit of comets?
elliptical
62
what is a comet mostly made of?
ice and dust
63
what is an asteroid mostly made of?
rock and metal
64
65
an Ozymandias quote that shows irony?
"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty and despair"
66
what is one London quote?
Blasts the new-born infant's tear, And blights with plagues the marriage hearse.
67
what is another London quote?
And the hapless soldier's sigh Runs in blood down palace walls.
68
what is a quote from the prelude?
a huge peak, black and huge, As if with voluntary power instinct, Upreared its head.
69
what is a quotation to show the fragility of paper?
if buildings were paper, i might feel their drift, see how easily they fall away on a sigh.
70
what does Buddha mean?
Buddha is the title given to someone enlightened
71
what is The Buddhas name?
Siddhartha Gautama
72
where was The Buddha born?
nepal
73
what did the prophecy about the buddha say?
he would either become a great king or great holy man
74
what was the second of the four sights?
old age
75
what was the first of the four sights?
illness
76
what was the third of the four sights?
death
77
what was the fourth of the four sights?
a holy man
78
what did the buddha turn to after his life of luxury?
an ascetic life
79
which country did the buddha attain enlightenment in?
India
80
under which type of tree did the Buddha attain enlightenment?
a Bhodi tree
81
what is the first of the Three Marks Of Existence?
Dukkha
82
what is the second of the three marks of existance?
Anicca
83
what is the third of the Three Marks Of Existance?
Anatta
84
What does Dukkha generally mean?
Suffering or dissatisfaction with life
85
What does Dukkha encourages buddhists to do?
Develop resilience eg: the parable of the mustard seed respond to suffering develop compassion and wisdom
86
What is the first type of dukkha?
dukkha (ordinary)
87
what is the second type of Dukkha?
viparinama (change)
88
what is the third type of Dukkha?
samkhara (attachment and dissatisfaction)
89
what does Annica mean?
Annica means impermanence
90
what does Anicca help buddhists realize?
everything is continually changing
91
what is one thing Anicca encourages?
it encourages them away from materialism as attachment cannot bring long term happiness
92
what is another thing Anicca encourages?
puja practices, eg using a flower as a reminder of the changing nature of life
93
what does Annata mean?
no fixed self or soul
94
how did the Questions of King Milinda explain Anatta
The chariot analogy - a chariot is just merely a collection of parts there is nothing on its own called a chariot
95
what is the idea of Dependant arisings?
everything relys on something else for its existance
96
what else is the concept of dependant arisings directly linked to?
Sunyara
97
give an example of dependant arisings
the rain relys on clouds for its existance
98
99
what is a quotation that shows the power of paper?
the kind you find in well-used books, the back of the Koran, where a hand has written in the names
100

GCSE revision (3 decks)

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