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10CS Paper 2 CTAP 24/25 > GCSE Computer Science Fundamentals Unit > Flashcards

GCSE Computer Science Fundamentals Unit Flashcards

Year 9 Summer 2/Year 10 Autumn 1

1
Q

What are the numbers in the binary number line?

A

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

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2
Q

When converted to denary, what is the binary number 1001?

A

8 + 1 = 9

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3
Q

When converted to binary, what is the denary number 29?

A

29 - 16 = 13
13 - 8 = 5
5 - 4 = 1
11101

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4
Q

What are the rules with binary addition?

A

0+0 = 0
1+0 = 1
0+1 = 1
1+1 = 0 carry 1
1+1+1 = 1 carry 1

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5
Q

Describe how an insertion sort is carried out.

A

An insertion sort is where the numbers are inserted into the correct position. It is the quickest kind of sorting.

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6
Q

Describe how a merge sort is carried out.

A

A merge sort is where we divide and conquer - octo (8) - quads (4) - pairs (2) then sort pairs (2) - quads (4) - octo (8)

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7
Q

Describe how bubble sort is carried out.

A

In the bubble sort, you sort the pairs:
1st pass - start at 1st item
2nd pass - start at 2nd item
3rd pass - start at 1st item
4th pass - start at 2nd item etc….

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8
Q

Describe how a linear search is carried out.

A

A linear search is where each item in the list is checked until the correct item is found. This can be a slow process if the list is long.

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9
Q

Describe how a binary search is carried out.

A

A binary search is where the list is divided in 2 - is the item you are looking for in the top half or bottom half - get rid of the half of the list it is not in, and repeat the process until you find the item you are looking for.

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10
Q

What are the main security threats from social engineering?

A

Blagging where we give confidential information to people we ‘trust’ and phishing, where through an email attachment, for example, we are taken to a fake website.

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11
Q

What are the main security threats from hacking?

A

A denial of service attack, where the web server is flooded with requests and thus the website crashes, and a brute force attack is when by trial and error the hacker gains unauthorized access through hacking passwords.

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12
Q

What are the main security threats from malware?

A

Virus (attaches), worms (replicates), Trojan (disguises), ransomware (locks), spyware (spies), keylogger (monitors).

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13
Q

What are the main security threats when using ad hoc temporary networks?

A

Shouldering (aka shoulder surfing) as a result of poor user awareness and data interception (man-in-the-middle) attack as a result of weak security.

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14
Q

What is computational thinking?

A

Breaking a big problem into smaller more manageable problems.

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15
Q

What are the main steps in computational thinking?

A

Abstraction - Decomposition - Pattern Recognition - Algorithmic Thinking.

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16
Q

What are the main stages in the programming cycle?

A

Plan - Design - Implement (develop) - Test - Evaluate.

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17
Q

What happens in a binary shift to the left?

A

Binary shift to the left multiplies, e.g. multiplies by 2 each shift.

18
Q

What happens in a binary shift to the right?

A

Binary shift to the right divides, e.g. divides by 2 each shift.

19
Q

What are the main data types?

A

String, integer, float, real, character, Boolean.

20
Q

How many bits are in a byte?

A

8

21
Q

What are the units of measurement?

A

Bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte.

22
Q

How can I remember the order of the units of measurement?

A

Use a mnemonic, e.g. Be Nice, Be Kind, Make Good on That Promise.

23
Q

What is a low level language?

A

A computer programming language consisting of binary or hexadecimal instructions which a computer can respond to directly, e.g. machine code.

24
Q

What is a high level language?

A

A high-level language needs a compiler or an interpreter for their translation into the machine code.

25
Q

How is a high level language understood by a computer?

A

A translator (compiler or interpreter) translates the source code into machine code (including an assembler for directly translating the instructions of the machine language).

26
Q

How do you calculate the size of a sound file?

A

Sample rate x duration (s) x bit depth.

27
Q

How do you calculate the size of an image file?

A

Colour depth x image height (px) x image width (x).

28
Q

How do you calculate the size of a text file?

A

Bits per character x number of characters.

29
Q

What is the term used to describe the AND gate conditions?

A

Conjunction - both conditions need to be met.

30
Q

What is the term used to describe the OR gate conditions?

A

Disjunction - one condition needs to be met.

31
Q

What is the term used to describe the NOT gate conditions?

A

Negation - the opposite of the condition.

32
Q

What is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?

A

An IDE is software used to enter and edit source code. It will also compile programs into machine code and have debugging features.

33
Q

What are the features of an IDE?

A

The source code editor enables programmers to write and edit their code, including features such as syntax completion, keywords and prettyprint (colour, indentation etc).

34
Q

What is the purpose of the run-time environment?

A

This enables a program to be run. Checks for run-time errors and other testing, such as logic tests, can be carried out.

35
Q

What does ‘legal’ mean?

A

Legal links to laws set by the government. Businesses have a duty to follow this legislation in order to protect the citizens of the country to which the law relates.

36
Q

What are the key laws linked to computing?

A

The Computer Misuse Act, the Data Protection Act and the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act.

37
Q

What are the consequences of not following the law?

A

Fines, business closure, legal fees, imprisonment.

38
Q

What is the purpose of success criteria?

A

Success criteria are the aims and objectives of a program, on which the program is developed and success measured against.

39
Q

What is iterative testing?

A

Iterative testing is testing during the implementation/development phase as the program.

40
Q

What is terminal testing?

A

Terminal testing is at the end, testing the program against success criteria once the implementation stage has been completed.

10CS Paper 2 CTAP 24/25 (3 decks)

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