Gcse Coasts

Question 1

What is the swash

Answer 1

Water washing up the beach

Question 2

Constructive wave

Answer 2

Build beaches

Question 3

Destructive waves

Answer 3

Destroy beaches

Question 4

Prevailing wind

Answer 4

Wind that blows from one direction

Question 5

Fetch

Answer 5

The maximum length of open water over which the wind can blow.

Question 6

Backwash

Answer 6

Water washing down the beach

Question 7

Abrasion

Answer 7

When rocks are carried by the sea and picked up by strong waves then thrown against the coastline causing more material to break away and be carried away by the sea.

Question 8

Attrition

Answer 8

When rocks hit and knock against each other. They become more rounded and smaller.

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

When sea water dissolves certain types of rock,(chalk, limestone).

Question 10

Hydraulic action

Answer 10

The force of the waves crashing against the coastline causes the water to push its way through the cracks, the air trapped in between the water and cliff builds up in pressure and bursts causing bits of the cliff to break away.

Question 11

Traction

Answer 11

The transportation of large rocks. The rocks are rolled along the riverbed.

Question 12

Saltation

Answer 12

Transportation of medium rocks that are two heavy to be carried are bounced along the riverbed.

Question 13

Suspension

Answer 13

Transport of small rocks that are picked up by waves and then carried by the water.

Question 14

Solution (transportation)

Answer 14

Very small bits of sediment are dissolved in the water and then carried along with the waves.

Question 15

Coastline definition

Answer 15

The boundary of a coast, where lands meet water.

Question 16

Elliptical

Answer 16

Egg shape oval shape

Question 17

Fill in the blank
Types of erosion are_________ action, solution, attrition and abrasion

Answer 17

Hydraulic

Question 18

Which spelling is correct
A) Hydrolic action
B) hydraulic action
C) hydro action

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Name 3 feature of a constructive wave?

Answer 19

Strong swash, weak backwash
Long wave length
Low wave height

Question 20

Name 3 features of a deconstructive wave?

Answer 20

Weak swash, strong backwash
High wave height
Short wave length

Question 21

3 types of weathering

Answer 21

Mechanical, chemical, biological

Question 22

Give an example of mechanical weathering

Answer 22

Freeze thaw

Question 23

4 mass movement examples

Answer 23

Sliding, slumping, rockfalls, mudflow

Question 24

Define deposition

Answer 24

The action of laying down sediment.

Question 25

Give an example of chemical weathering

Answer 25

Carbonation

Question 26

3 things that determine the wave

Answer 26

Strength of wind , length of time it blows , fetch

Question 27

What are tides

Answer 27

Very long waves that move across the ocean. Caused by moon. The rise and fall of water levels

Question 28

What are the 3 major coastal processes

Answer 28

Transportation, deposition, erosion

Question 29

What is a berm

Answer 29

A ridge of sand or shingle created by waves, indicates the high tide mark

Question 30

What is a longshore bar

Answer 30

Ridge just offshore built by the waves, sometimes exposed at low tide

Question 31

List 4 reasons beaches could form?

Answer 31

- humans ARTIFICIALLY adding sediment - MASS MOVEMENT from cliffs - TRANSPORTATION longshore drift - DEPOSITION from constructive waves

Question 32

List in Oder the sand dunes starting the with the smallest

Answer 32

(Berm ), embryo, fore dune , yellow dune , grey dune , (slack ) mature dune

Question 33

Coastal management strategies What is dune regeneration

Answer 33

Fencing off areas and planting marram grass to encourage dune growth

Question 34

Coastal management strategies What is managed retreat

Answer 34

Buying properties and providing compensation and letting the coast erode naturally

Question 35

Coastal management strategies What is beach nourishment and re profiling

Answer 35

Constantly replacing the sand and building defences

Question 36

Coastal management stratgies What is a sea wall and what does it do

Answer 36

A sea wall protects base of cliff it is a concrete wall with a concave base forcing the wave energy back on itself

Question 37

Coastal management strategies What is a gabion

Answer 37

Bundles of rock in metal mesh

Question 38

Coastal management strategies What are rip rap (rock armour)

Answer 38

Large rocks deposited by man

Question 39

Coastal management strategies What is a groyne

Answer 39

Long piece of would with sections to prevent longshore drift. Can affect towns further down the coastline.