Gcse Coasts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the swash

A

Water washing up the beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Constructive wave

A

Build beaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Destructive waves

A

Destroy beaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prevailing wind

A

Wind that blows from one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fetch

A

The maximum length of open water over which the wind can blow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Backwash

A

Water washing down the beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abrasion

A

When rocks are carried by the sea and picked up by strong waves then thrown against the coastline causing more material to break away and be carried away by the sea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Attrition

A

When rocks hit and knock against each other. They become more rounded and smaller.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Solution

A

When sea water dissolves certain types of rock,(chalk, limestone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hydraulic action

A

The force of the waves crashing against the coastline causes the water to push its way through the cracks, the air trapped in between the water and cliff builds up in pressure and bursts causing bits of the cliff to break away.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Traction

A

The transportation of large rocks. The rocks are rolled along the riverbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saltation

A

Transportation of medium rocks that are two heavy to be carried are bounced along the riverbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suspension

A

Transport of small rocks that are picked up by waves and then carried by the water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Solution (transportation)

A

Very small bits of sediment are dissolved in the water and then carried along with the waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coastline definition

A

The boundary of a coast, where lands meet water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Elliptical

A

Egg shape oval shape

17
Q

Fill in the blank
Types of erosion are_________ action, solution, attrition and abrasion

18
Q

Which spelling is correct
A) Hydrolic action
B) hydraulic action
C) hydro action

19
Q

Name 3 feature of a constructive wave?

A

Strong swash, weak backwash
Long wave length
Low wave height

20
Q

Name 3 features of a deconstructive wave?

A

Weak swash, strong backwash
High wave height
Short wave length

21
Q

3 types of weathering

A

Mechanical, chemical, biological

22
Q

Give an example of mechanical weathering

A

Freeze thaw

23
Q

4 mass movement examples

A

Sliding, slumping, rockfalls, mudflow

24
Q

Define deposition

A

The action of laying down sediment.

25
Q

Give an example of chemical weathering

A

Carbonation

26
Q

3 things that determine the wave

A

Strength of wind , length of time it blows , fetch

27
Q

What are tides

A

Very long waves that move across the ocean. Caused by moon. The rise and fall of water levels

28
Q

What are the 3 major coastal processes

A

Transportation, deposition, erosion

29
Q

What is a berm

A

A ridge of sand or shingle created by waves, indicates the high tide mark

30
Q

What is a longshore bar

A

Ridge just offshore built by the waves, sometimes exposed at low tide

31
Q

List 4 reasons beaches could form?

A
  • humans ARTIFICIALLY adding sediment
  • MASS MOVEMENT from cliffs
  • TRANSPORTATION longshore drift
  • DEPOSITION from constructive waves
32
Q

List in Oder the sand dunes starting the with the smallest

A

(Berm ), embryo, fore dune , yellow dune , grey dune , (slack ) mature dune

33
Q

Coastal management strategies
What is dune regeneration

A

Fencing off areas and planting marram grass to encourage dune growth

34
Q

Coastal management strategies
What is managed retreat

A

Buying properties and providing compensation and letting the coast erode naturally

35
Q

Coastal management strategies
What is beach nourishment and re profiling

A

Constantly replacing the sand and building defences

36
Q

Coastal management stratgies
What is a sea wall and what does it do

A

A sea wall protects base of cliff it is a concrete wall with a concave base forcing the wave energy back on itself

37
Q

Coastal management strategies
What is a gabion

A

Bundles of rock in metal mesh

38
Q

Coastal management strategies
What are rip rap (rock armour)

A

Large rocks deposited by man

39
Q

Coastal management strategies
What is a groyne

A

Long piece of would with sections to prevent longshore drift. Can affect towns further down the coastline.