Gcse Coasts Flashcards
What is the swash
Water washing up the beach
Constructive wave
Build beaches
Destructive waves
Destroy beaches
Prevailing wind
Wind that blows from one direction
Fetch
The maximum length of open water over which the wind can blow.
Backwash
Water washing down the beach
Abrasion
When rocks are carried by the sea and picked up by strong waves then thrown against the coastline causing more material to break away and be carried away by the sea.
Attrition
When rocks hit and knock against each other. They become more rounded and smaller.
Solution
When sea water dissolves certain types of rock,(chalk, limestone).
Hydraulic action
The force of the waves crashing against the coastline causes the water to push its way through the cracks, the air trapped in between the water and cliff builds up in pressure and bursts causing bits of the cliff to break away.
Traction
The transportation of large rocks. The rocks are rolled along the riverbed.
Saltation
Transportation of medium rocks that are two heavy to be carried are bounced along the riverbed.
Suspension
Transport of small rocks that are picked up by waves and then carried by the water.
Solution (transportation)
Very small bits of sediment are dissolved in the water and then carried along with the waves.
Coastline definition
The boundary of a coast, where lands meet water.
Elliptical
Egg shape oval shape
Fill in the blank
Types of erosion are_________ action, solution, attrition and abrasion
Hydraulic
Which spelling is correct
A) Hydrolic action
B) hydraulic action
C) hydro action
B
Name 3 feature of a constructive wave?
Strong swash, weak backwash
Long wave length
Low wave height
Name 3 features of a deconstructive wave?
Weak swash, strong backwash
High wave height
Short wave length
3 types of weathering
Mechanical, chemical, biological
Give an example of mechanical weathering
Freeze thaw
4 mass movement examples
Sliding, slumping, rockfalls, mudflow
Define deposition
The action of laying down sediment.
Give an example of chemical weathering
Carbonation
3 things that determine the wave
Strength of wind , length of time it blows , fetch
What are tides
Very long waves that move across the ocean. Caused by moon. The rise and fall of water levels
What are the 3 major coastal processes
Transportation, deposition, erosion
What is a berm
A ridge of sand or shingle created by waves, indicates the high tide mark
What is a longshore bar
Ridge just offshore built by the waves, sometimes exposed at low tide
List 4 reasons beaches could form?
- humans ARTIFICIALLY adding sediment
- MASS MOVEMENT from cliffs
- TRANSPORTATION longshore drift
- DEPOSITION from constructive waves
List in Oder the sand dunes starting the with the smallest
(Berm ), embryo, fore dune , yellow dune , grey dune , (slack ) mature dune
Coastal management strategies
What is dune regeneration
Fencing off areas and planting marram grass to encourage dune growth
Coastal management strategies
What is managed retreat
Buying properties and providing compensation and letting the coast erode naturally
Coastal management strategies
What is beach nourishment and re profiling
Constantly replacing the sand and building defences
Coastal management stratgies
What is a sea wall and what does it do
A sea wall protects base of cliff it is a concrete wall with a concave base forcing the wave energy back on itself
Coastal management strategies
What is a gabion
Bundles of rock in metal mesh
Coastal management strategies
What are rip rap (rock armour)
Large rocks deposited by man
Coastal management strategies
What is a groyne
Long piece of would with sections to prevent longshore drift. Can affect towns further down the coastline.
