GCSE Business section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define motivation

A

The reasons why employees want to work hard and effectively for the business

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2
Q

Identify and explain why people work

A

Money- To pay for neccesities and luxuries
Social needs- friends, feeling part of a group
Esteem needs- feeling important, feeling the job you do is important
Job satisfaction- the feeling that you have done a good job
Job security- knowing that your job and pay are safe

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3
Q

What are the benefits of a motivated workforce

A

High output per worker- helps to keep costs low and increase profit
willingness to accept change
two way communication with management- can suggest new ideas
Low labour turnover- reduces costs of recruiting new workers
Low rates of absenteeism
low rates of strikes

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4
Q

What is maslows motivational theory

A

Maslows hierachy of needs

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5
Q

What is Herzbergs motivational theory

A

Herzbergs theory states that humans have 2 sets of needs. One is is hygiene needs, the basic needs. The second is the motivational needs, which are for a human to be able to grow psychologically
Hygiene factors
Status
Job Security
work conditions
salary

Motivators
Achievement
Recognition
personal growth
promotion

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6
Q

What is Taylors motivational theory

A

Taylors motivational theory focused on the assumption that akll individuals are motivated by personal gain so if they are paid more they will work more effectively

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7
Q

Define and explain advantages and disadvantages of financial methods of motivation

A

Wages- wages are paid every week, sometimes in cash or into a bank account
Advantages-
Workers are paid on a regular basis and dont have to wait for the money
If the employee works longer than their normal hours, they can usually be paid overtime, this means they have an incentive to work more hours for the business
Disadvantages-
Since the wages are paid weekly, they have to be calculated every week which takes time and money
Wages clerks are often employed to perform this tasks which leads to more cash outflows for the business

Salaries- Salaries are paid monthly, normally straight into a bank account. They are not paid in cash.
Advantages-
It is easy to calculate salary costs for the business
The payment has to be calculated only once a month instead of at least four times a month
Disadvantages-
Increased cash outflow
No payment for extra time worker so workers will be more reluctant to work longer

Bonuses- a bonus is an additional sum of money paid to workers when they have worked well.
Advantages-
Workers can be more motivated as they feel more recognised and special if they recieve a bonus
Workers will woprk harder to achieve the additional money
Disadvantages-
Increases costs for the business
If unrealistic targets are set then it could decrease motivation

Commisions- A payment relating to the number of sales made, the more sales a business makes, the more money is paid to staff
Advantages-
Employees will work harder to achieve increased sales
Disadvantages-
Quality of good may decrease as employees try to produce more goods
It could be stressful for staff as if they have a bad month, then their pay will fall
Less retained profit

Profit sharing- A proportion of the companies profits are paid out to the workers
Advantages-
Workers will work harder to achieve increased profit
Disadvantages-
Less retained profit for the business
Loss or little profit could lead to no profit sharing which would decrease motivation

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8
Q

Define and explain advantages and disadvantages of non financial methods of motivation

A

Job Enrichment- Involves looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more skill and responsibility
Advantages-
Employees have more responsibility which would increase motivation
More variety of tasks will decrease boredom
Disadvantages-
The increased workload will decrease motivation for employees
There could be more mistakes which would lead to higher costs due to waste

Job rotation- Workers on the productiopn line carry out different tasks
Advantages-
Increased motivation due to variety of tasks
Increased motivation due to new skills gained
Disadvantages-
Increased mistakes when learning new skills

Teamwork- Involves a group of workers bieng given responsibility for a particular process, product or development
Advantages-
Increased motivation due to more responsibility
Social needs met will lead to more motivation
Disadvantages-
Will take longer to make decisions
More disagreements

Training- The process of improving workers skills
Advantages-
Workers will feel recognised which will increase motivation
Will lead to increased productivity which will decrease average costs
Will increase quality which will increase sales
Disadvantages-
Time consuming which will lead to decreased output
Paying for training will increase cash outflow for the business

Promotion opportunities- An advancement of an employee within an organisation
Advantages-
Workers will feel more responsibility which will increase motivation
Workers will feel recognised which will increase motivation
Disadvantages-
They could lack skills for the new position which could lead to more mistakes
Training will lead to increased costs

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9
Q

Define hierachy

A

Refers to the levels of management in any organisation, from the highest to the lowest.

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10
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of a flat organisational structure (Few layers of hierachy, Short chain of command, wide span of control)

A

Advantages-
Fast communication
Short chain of command leads to less mistakes
Increased responsibility will lead to increased motivation

Disadvantages
Lack of promotion opportunities will lead to decreased motivation
Loss of control due to wide span of control could lead to more mistakes

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11
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of a tall organisational structure (Many layers of hierachy, long chain of command, narrow span of control)

A

Advantages-
High level of control will lead to less mistakes so lower average costs
More chances of promotion will lead to increased motivation

Disadvantages-
Many managers will lead to increased costs
Less responsibility will decrease motivation
Poor communication due to large chain of command which will lead to slower decision making and more mistakes

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12
Q

Define chain of command

A

Refers to passing on authority down the organisational structure

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13
Q

Define Delegation

A

Passing authority down through the organisational heirachy to a subordinate to perform particular tasks

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14
Q

Define span of control

A

The number of subordinates working directly under a supervisor/manager

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15
Q

Explain the roles of Managers

A

Motivating employees
Delegating tasks
Solving day to day problems

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16
Q

Explain the roles of directors

A

Setting the long term plans for the business
Reviewing the performance of managers
Providing leadership to ensure the success of the business

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17
Q

Explain the roles of Supervisors

A

Supervisors are responsible for giving out tasks to the workers, making sure they carry out the tasks and checking the quality of the work

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18
Q

Explain the functions of management

A

Planning-
Planning for the future of the organisation involves setting targets which will give the organisation a sense of direction and purpose.
Organisiing-
It is the managers responisibility to organise poeple and resources effectively
Coordinating-
A manager will make sure that all departments work together to achieve the plans set by the directors
Commanding-
Managers have to make sure all supervisors and workers are keeping to targets and deadlines
Controlling-
Managers have to make sure that groups or individuals are on target and if they arent then to take some corrective action.

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19
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of delegation

A

Advantages-
By delegating the manager has more time to focus on other important tasks
Managers are less likely to make mistakes if some of their tasks are performed by their subordinates
Managers can measure the success of their staff more easily

Disadvantages-
The manager loses some control over subordinates

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20
Q

Explain the relationship between trust and control when delegating tasks

A

Delegation must mean:
increasing trust of workers by supervisors and managers
and
a reduction in direct control by supervisors and managers once tasks are done by workers

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21
Q

Define Autocratic leadership

A

Autocratic leadership is where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and have their orders followed, the manager doesnt consult employees about decisions

22
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Autocratic leadership

A

Advantages-
Quick decision making
Consistent brand image
Disadvantages-
No opportunity for employee imput can decrease motivation
No new ideas for the business

23
Q

Define Democratic leadership

A

Democratic leadership gets other employees involved in the decision making of the business, the manager consults the employees before making a decision

24
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Democratic leadership

A

Advantages-
New ideas could lead to better decision making
Could Increase motivation since employees get a say in decisions

Disadvantages-
Will lead to slower decision making
Unpopular decisions could be made whcih could decrease motivation

25
Q

Define Laissez- Faire leadership

A

In a business with Laissez-faire leadership, a manager lets the employees make the decision

26
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Laissez-Faire leadership

A

Advantages
New ideas could lead to better decision making
Employees could have increased motivation due to them bieng in charge of decisions

Disadvantages-
Slow decision making
Increased mistakes

27
Q

Define Trade unions

A

A trade union is an organisation who represent a group of employees to protect their rights/ interests

28
Q

Advantages and disadvantages for employees to being part of a trade union

A

Advantages-
Improves working conditions which will increase motivation
It will protect their rights which will increase pay

Disadvantages-
Cost to employees to be a member

29
Q

Define Recruitment

A

Recruitment is the process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business

30
Q

Define Employee selection

A

Employee selection is the process of evaluating candidates for a specific job and selecting and individual for employment based on the needs of the organisation

31
Q

Define Job analysis

A

A job analysis identifies and records the responsibilities and tasks relating to a job

32
Q

Define Job description

A

A job description outlines the responsibility and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job

33
Q

Define Job specification

A

A job specification is a doccument which outlines the requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics for a specific job

34
Q

Identify and explain the different stages of the recruitment and selection of employees process

A

1- Acess the business needs
2- A job description is produced
3- A person specification is produced
4- The job is advertised
5- Send out application form and job details
6- Recieve completed applications
7- Select a shortlist from all applicants
8- Interview shortlisted candidates
9- Select the right candidate

35
Q

What is internal recruitment

A

Internal recruitment is when a vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business

36
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of internal recruitment

A

Advantages-
Lower costs due to no advertisement costs
Will motivate other employees as they want to be promoted as well

Disadvantages-
Will bring no new ideas to the business
Employees could lack skills for the position

37
Q

What is external recruitment

A

External recruitment is when a vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to the business

38
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of external recruitment

A

Advantages-
Bring new skills and better experience to the business
New ideas

Disadvantages-
Job advertisement cost will lead to more cash outflow for the business
Induction training

39
Q

Why do businesses employ a worker

A

An employee leaves their job and they need to be replaced
It is a new business and needs employees
It is a successful business and wants to expand by employing more people

40
Q

What is a part time employee

A

A part time employee is someone who works fewer hours than a full tiem employee, often less than 35 hours a week.

41
Q

What is a full time employee

A

Full time employees will usually work 35 hours or more a week

42
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of part time employees

A

Advantages-
More flexible in hours of work
Can respond to changes in demmand for workers
Can attract well qualified staff wanting flexibility

Disadvantages-
Communication problems which could lead to misunderstandings
Will cost the business more as they need more part time workers than full time

(Advantages and disadvantages of full time is the other way around)

43
Q

Define induction training

A

Induction training is training for new members of staff so that they are familiar with the workplace

44
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Induction training

A

Advantages-
Learn skills for the job which will lead to increased productivity
Increased motivation

Disadvantages-
Will increase costs which will increase the cash outflows
No output while they are training

45
Q

Define On the job training

A

Training at the place of work, watching or following an experienced member of staff

46
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of On the job training

A

Advantages-
Lower costs
Some output while training

Disadvantages-
Could pick up bad habits which could lead to mistakes
Slows down production which will decrease production

47
Q

Define Off the job training

A

Training takes place away from the workplace by a specialist trainer

48
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Off the job training

A

Advantages-
Workers dont pick up bad habits
Workers focus 100% on training which means no slowdown in output

Disadvantages-
Increased costs for the business
Not specific to the business which could decrease productivity

49
Q

What is dismissal

A

Dismissal is when employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually for not working ina ccordance with the employment contract

50
Q

What is redundancy

A

Redundancy is when an employee is no longer needed and so loses their job. It is not due to any aspect of their work bieng unsatisfactory

51
Q

Why would businesses reduce their workforce

A

Introduction of atomation
Less demmand for their goods or services
Factory/shop closure
relocating abroad

52
Q
A