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Gcse > Gcse Biology Inheritance > Flashcards

Gcse Biology Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

How many chromosomes are present in a human nucleus

A

46 single chromosomes or 23 pairs

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2
Q

Are the chromosomes paired in gamete cells

A

No they are single

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3
Q

How many chromosomes are in a gamete cell

A

23 single chromosomes

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4
Q

What is the name for reproductive cells

A

Gametes

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5
Q

What process produces gametes

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

What are the gametes in a plant

A

Pollen and egg

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7
Q

What are the features of sexual reproduction

A

Involves the fusion of male and female gametes
Offspring receives genetic information from father and mother, this causes genetic variation in the offspring.

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8
Q

Why does sexual reproduction produce variation in offspring

A

Each gamete cell is unidentical to each other, so during fertilisation, the mixing of genetic information from both parents takes place

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9
Q

What’s the features of asexual reproduction

A

Only enquires one parent
So no gametes involved
So no genetic mixing, offspring are genetically identical to parent.
No meiosis but reproduce by mitosis.
Offspring’s are clones

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10
Q

Where is the only place meiosis takes places

A

In reproductive organs

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11
Q

What’s the reproductive organs for males and females

A

Testes for males
Ovaries for females

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12
Q

What is the stages of meiosis

A

First the cel in the reproductive organ doubles in chromosomes
The cell then divides once to form 2 cells
The 2 cells then divide each against to form 4 unidentical gamete cells

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13
Q

What’s an advantage of sexual reproduction

A

There is variation in the offspring, so if the environment changes, some can survive

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14
Q

What’s an advantage of asexual reproduction

A

Only requires one parent.
More time efficient and energy efficient
Can produce a lot of clones if conditions are favourable

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15
Q

What’s a disadvantage of asexual reproduction

A

There’s no variation in offspring so they are all susceptible to a disease

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16
Q

Name one example of an organism that reproduce both sexually and asexually

A

The malaria parasite reproduces asexually in human host and sexually in the mosquito

17
Q

Name an organism that can reproduce both sexually and asexually

A

Some fungi can reproduce asexually by releasing spores, and sexually to produce variation in offspring

18
Q

Name one organism that can reproduce sexually and asexually

A

Strawberry plants can reproduce sexually to produce seed, and asexually by sending out runners. When the runners touch the soil, the identical plant grows into a flowering plant.

19
Q

Chromosomes consist of what

A

DNA

20
Q

Why is DNA important

A

Determines our genetic information

21
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

Consists of 2 polymer strands
These two strands wrap around each other to form a double helix
Each polymer strand consist of smaller molecules.

22
Q

What is a gene

A

Small section of DNA on a chromosome

23
Q

What is the role of a gene

A

It encodes for a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein

24
Q

What is the genome

A

The entire genetic material of an organism

25
Q

What’s an advantage of studying the human genome

A

Scientists can link faulty genes to inherited disorder
Helps us to understand and treat inherited disorders
Allows us to trace human migration patterns from the past which helps people find their ancestry.

26
Q

Give the structure of DNA

A

The polymer strands consist if nucleotides
Nucleotides have a phosphate group and a sugar molecule attached to a base

27
Q

What are the 4 bases and what do they link to in DNA

A

A to t
G to c

28
Q

The two polymer dna strands are…

A

Complimentary

29
Q

How does a protein get its function

A

The specific order of amino acids causes the protein to have a specific shape, the specific shape determines its function

30
Q

What determines the order of amino acids in a protein

A

The sequence of bases in the gene for that protein

Gcse (3 decks)

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