Gcse Flashcards
Diffusion
Net movement of particles from areas of high concentration moving to low areas of concentration
This is a passive process and requires no energy
Concentration gradient
Difference in concentration between 2 areas
Steeper gradient-quicker rate of diffusion
Osmosis
Water going towards areas with low areas of sugar
This is a passive process and requires no energy
Hypertonic
Strong
When sugar is high in the balloon and the water leaves leaving a shrivelled balloon of sugar
Hypotonic
Weak
When h2o is attracted towards the sugar and ends up bursting as too much water is going in and none is going out
Isotonic
Same
When water is going in and out the balloon because the sugar is at an even balance all around it
How could osmosis kill someone?
When someone drinks too much water the balance is uneven and too much water is going into alot of cells bursting them in the process.
Turgid cell
A full vacuole which pushes against the wall, supporting the stem
Flaccid cell
A half full vacuole which takes up less space and makes the stem floppy
Active transport
When particles move up a concentration gradient
What colour does food solution become in starch
Black(iodine)
What colour does a food solution become in lipids
cloudy(ethanol)
What colour does food become if there is sugar in it
Blue-green-orange-red going up as there is more sugar(benedicts solution)
What colour does food become if there is protien
Purple(buriets solution)
What is the order of the digestive system
Mouth-oesophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-anus
What are the 7 nutrient groups
Carbohydrates-protiens-fats and oils-minerals-vitamins-fibre-water
What do carbohydrates do
Give you a source of energy
Found in breads, cereal, rice etc
What do protiens do
Makes new cells and is needed for growth and repair
Found in eggs, meat, nuts, dairy etc
What do lipids do
An extra energy reserve and provides insulation
Found in butter, cakes, red meat, cheese, crisps etc
What are the 4 systems in a body
Circulatory system, digestive system, nervous system, repoductive system
Sort tissue, organ, organism, organ systems, cells in order
Cells, organ, organ system, organisms
What happens in the mouth in the digestive system
Food is chewed, saliva is added
What happens in the oesophagus
Food gets tranferred from the mouth to the stomach
What happens in the stomach
The stomach churns the food and hydrochloric acid is added
What happens in the small intestine
Digested food is absorbed into the blood stream
What happens in the large intestines
Digested food is absorbs into the blood stream
What happens in the large intestine
Remaining food is put through to the large intestine and water is absorbed
What happens at the anus
Any undigested food exits
