GC2 Flashcards
Revise
Identify the possible effects on health from working in a hot environment
Dehydration, fatigue, muscle cramps, heat stress, heat stroke, burns
Outline control measures for work in a hot environment
Eliminate the need to work in a hot environment - if this is not possible then reduce the heat by providing work place ventilation (LEV, ceiling extractor, natural ventilation)
Insulate the sourced of heat, eg lagging hot pipes, to reduce the additional heat being introduced into the area and the direct source of heat which may cause burns.
Shield heat courses eg control radiant heat and prevent contact burns, cooler material can be used to guard source eg heat proof plates
Provide cool refuges for the workers to be comfortable and recover during breaks.
Provide easy access to plenty of drinking water.
Frequent breaks and job rotation.
Provide appropriate clothing for the work site which will protect against all the other work place hazards but not add to the overheating of the employee.
Outline measures to minimise the risk of violence towards employees (8)
Central office:
Zero tolerance and prosecute offenders - posters on the wall
Security doors and screens - keep staff and public separate (eg bank teller being class screen)
Reduce stress and minimise violence potential by managing the public well, having good processes, good communication.
Panic alarms for those at risk and training on how to use them.
Home visit - community nurse
Remove or reduce lone working, particularly with high risk visits.
Supervisor to have plan of visits and times. Check in with supervisors at given times or make pre and post visit calls (use technology)
Training in self defense for those at risk - as last resort in case they need to create an opportunity to get out of tricky situation.
Advise not to carry electronics, valuables etc which may increase chance of robbery in low income areas.
Use technology - apps which track location and can initiate alarms if required.
Identify the hazards which may cause slips and trips at work
Slips - wet or oily surfaces.
Slips - Cold temperatures
Trips - Uneven surfaces
Trips - Equipment left lying around
Open excavations
Identify how slips and trips in the work place may be controlled.
Spills should be cleaned up immediately and signs posted.
If cold weather is forecast then the walkways and roads should be gritted and salted to prevent freezing.
Safety tours should take place focusing on walkways and looking for uneven surfaces, routine inspections by HSE department could take place.
Safe system of work/ controls when creating open excavations or removing manhole covers. Barriers in place and standby man.
Good safety culture and interventions if equipment is left lying about , creating a hazard.
Outline precautions to be taken when carrying out repair on a sloping roof
Safe means of access and egress - either a scaffold or ladder.
Safe work site - either handrails or harness and fall arrestor should be used.
Use a MEWP if possible to remove the need to access the roof
Appropriately trained work force, aware of the hazards and how to control them.
Install collection measures to minimise the impact if there is a fall - safety nets
If a scaffold is used, ensure toe boards and handrails are used to prevent either objects or people from falling overboard.
Erect a covered walkway below the work site to protect the public from dropped objects
Total exclusion zone may be required below the work site depending on the area and amount of risk.
Use pulley system to transport materials to the work site safely
Install a rubbish chute to ensure waste is transported to skips safely and does not create a dropped object hazard
If visual inspection consider using a drone survey to avoid any working at height risk or to assess the area and improve risk assessment.
Mobile tower scaffolds should be used on stable ground.
Identify additional factors which should be considered for the safe use of a mobile tower scaffold.
Outriggers
Level ground
site checks
brakes on wheels
guard rails
pre-use checks
barriers or exclusion zones
brick guards or toe boards - dropped objects
cross bars to prevent tilting
traffic management
lanyards
maintenance routine - scaffold inspection
SSOW
training & PPE
Identify the precautions which should be in place during the use of step ladders
Work on solid dry ground
Correct footing
regular and pre-use inspection
Choose correct size
3 points of contact or use a harness
don’t overreach
don’t overload
tie off tools to prevent drops
use barriers
Non slip footwear
training in inspection and use
PtW system/ SSOW
eliminate use if possible
Identify the main hazards that may be present during demolition of a building
Unscheduled collapse of the structure
Falling or flying material
Working at height
contact with overhead services or wires
contact with underground services or cables
dust
asbestos
Sewage/ biological hazards
lifting operations
explosion
noise
vibration
entrapment
Identify the main hazards which may be present during excavation work on a construction site.
Confined space working
underground services
collapse of sides
fall from height into the excavation
falling materials, dropped objects
unsafe or unstable ground
public or traffic nearby
slips trips and falls
spills or contamination coming into the hole.
Heavy machinery collapsing excavation
weakening adjacent foundations
Outline control measures that could be implemented to reduce risks to pedestrians in a warehouse
Speed limits/ limiters on forklift trucks
Pedestrian walkways - painted different colours
Raised walkways or hard barriers to create a physical barrier to protect pedestrians
Ensure all forklifts are fitted with visual and audible warning beacons (lights and horn)
Use a banksman for reversing large vehicles
Designated loading and unloading points
Pedestrian no go zones for particular high risk times
High visibility clothing to ensure everyone sees each other
Mirrors at corners to provide warning of what is coming.
Identify physical features of traffic routes within a work place which are required for the safe movement of vehicles and safety of employees
Barriers
Bumper bars
raised walkways
raised work platforms
cages on hazardous equipment
speed bumps
road markings
hazard tape during loading or unloading etc
reversing areas
traffic lights
alarms on vehicles
alarms when areas are in use
alarm when accessing restricted area
Outline factors to consider when completing a display screen equipment workstation assessment
Adjustable height, angle back support to prevent musculoskeletal or upper limb disorders caused by poor ergonomics
Correct seat adjustments to ensure that the hands sit comfortably on the keyboard. Seat should have 5 star base for ease of rotation and movement
Lost of space under the desk, no clutter or obstructions which will affect seating position.
Workstation should be uncluttered, spacious with ease of access to all equipment without the need to stretch.
Adjustable tilt and height on the screen, no flickering, no glare, clear contrast, good size and clean.
Space in front of the keyboard to rest the wrists, space for document holder if required.
Minimise eye strain by allowing regular breaks from DSE and checking condition of equipment.
Identify specific types of injury which could be caused by manual handling
Back injury
Tendon and ligament injuries
Muscle Injuries
Hernias
Work related upper limb disorder
Cuts, burns, dislocations, broken bones
Outline factors to consider in relation to the load which will affect risk during manual handling
The weight of the load.
The size of the load - is it big and bulky - sight restriction, getting a grip.
The stability of the load, is it liquid inside, is the centre of gravity moving, stress on the body will not be constant.
The shape of the load may not allow for a good stable grip, particularly if not using correct gloves.
The load may be hot, sharp, hazardous, chemicals etc.
Identify 8 ways a forklift truck may become unstable during operation
Wet or slippy surface
Unseen hole in the ground, uneven surface
Unstable ground - not fit to take the weight of a forklift.
Accelerating or braking too quickly
Turning to sharply
Driving with elevated load
Carrying a load too heavy
Carrying an unstable load.
Driving across a slope
Driving up or down a slope
Collision with overhead cables or obstructions
Describe the principles of a trip device
A trip device is a sensitive piece of equipment that will stop the machine from working. For example a motion sensor or proximity sensor, light beam, will cut power to a production line if anyone in certain areas. Pressure mat, trip bar etc.
Describe the principles of 2 hand controls
Does what is says on the tin - both hands are required to push buttons to supply power to the machine. by doing this it prevents the user from having a free hand to put in the hazardous location.
Describe the principles of an interlock guard
An interlock guard is a guard which needs to be removed as part of routine operation or maintenance. When the guard is removed a switch is opened which prevents power being supplied to the machine, so allows safe access to the hazardous parts. Wont run until guard is replaced (eg microwave door)
Describe the principles of protective appliances
Devices an operator can use to assist in safe operation of a machine. eg a push stick for cutting wood to prevent the need tp put hands in dangerous area
Petrol cylinder mower to be used.
Outline mechanical and non-mechanical hazards associated with its use
Mechanical Hazards:
Rotating sharp blades present a cut hazard
Entanglement hazard - loose items may get caught in moving parts
Drawing in hazard - rotating blade
Collision/ crushing
Vibration
Noise
Manual handling
Flying debris
Environmental hazards - pollen etc
Biological Hazards - animal waste
Identify 4 non-mechanical hazards to which wood working machine operators may be exposed. Outline health and safety effects of each
Flying materials - eye injury, concussion, cuts
Electricity - shock, death, ventricular fibrulation
Noise - hearing damage, loss of hearing sense as warning to other dangers
Inhalation of dust - respiratory problems.
Outline how fires can be caused by electricity
The electrical equipment may be faulty and overheat
The system could be overloaded, too many items plugged into extensions sockets
Equipment may be misused, putting bare wires into electrical socket.
Electrical equipment with spark potential brought into hazardous area - non ex rated
Flammable atmosphere created in a non hazardous area eg work shop - welding gas leak etc.
Normal operation of equipment, heater, may create a heat source and it may be left next to a fuel source
Poor quality products - eg counterfeit/ cheap imports
Static electricity eg during chemical bulk transfer if earth clip is not used.
Identify the possible effects of electricity on the body
Ventricular Fibrillation/ cardiac arrest
Muscle contractions/ tremors (secondary effects follow)
Severe burns (direct and indirect)
Shock
Respiratory failure
Identify emergency action to take if person suffers electric shock
Do not touch them - confirm they are not still being shocked
Isolate electrical supply
Move casualty away with non conducting equipment
Call for help/ ensure emergency support is on the way.
Check breathing
recovery position or CPR/ defibrillator
Treat burns
treat for shock/ stress
Outline practical measures to reduce the risk of electric shock from portable electrical equipment
Consider using different power source (battery)
Use reduced power supply - 110v
Consider protection devices eg residual power devices
Keep cables runs out of walkways and away from other equipment
Double insulation equipment for extra protection
Train operators - pre use checks
Ensure equipment used in correct environment - ie not wet conditions
Ensure that routine and regular checks are made and tests carried out. Pre use checks.
Portable electrical equipment - identify 8 faults or bad practices which could contribute to electrical accidents
Using unsuitable equipment for the task - domestic equipment used in commercial premises
Used with obvious signs of damage, eg water damage
No regular PAT testing being carried out
Equipment being used in wet conditions - increased risk of shock
Equipment being modified - plastic bags used in wet conditions to protect from water, bare wires in socket.
Overloading of sockets
No PtW system or SSOW in place - no controls
With reference to the fire triangle - identify factors which could increase the risk of a fire starting in a vehicle repair workshop
Oxygen bottles, chemicals flammable, incorrect waste segregation, oily rags, boxes etc, electric fan heaters near fuel sources, hot work ongoing, welding grinding, heat from motors, smoking, public may have access, electrical equipment, soldering
Small fire started in a motor repair work shop and is currently contained in paper bin
Identify possible sources of ignition
Sources
Smoking - put straight in bin.
Welding equipment, still hot - put in bin.
Electrical - heater near by
Small fire started in a motor repair work shop and is currently contained in paper bin
Why is water the best extinguisher and why does it put it out
Water is the best for class A fires as it cools the fire - there is also a certain amount of smothering if enough water is applied.
Small fire started in a motor repair work shop and is currently contained in paper bin
Describe how the fire could spread if not extiguished
Via direct burning = if there is a source of fuel all the way from the bin to a large amount of fuel.
Via convection - hot gases rise and are trapped in roof space - coud ignite flammable material
Via - conduction - By heating adjacent contucting material, usually metal - the ignition source could spread to other parts
Via radiation - heat can radiate in waves through the air - be absorbed by adjacent surfaces and heat them up.
Identify 2 ways an alarm can be raised in the event of a fire
Manually activated call point
Smoke detector
Heat detector
IR flame detector
Identify issues to consider when positioning fire extinguishers
On exit routes
near exit doors
should be close to hazards they are designed to fight
should be correct type for class of fire
no further than 30m away from people
fixed to wall at comfortable - visible height
clearly visible and signed
inspected and maintained routinely
always available in good working order
Outline the main requirements for a safe means of escape from a building in the event of a fire
There should be more than one route in case is is blocked
Should allow all able bodied persons to make their way unassisted
Should take persons to a place of total safety external from the building
Distance should be as short as possible
Width of passages and doorways should be wide enough for the expected numbers
Lighting should be adequate
No obstructions - not used for storage
Identify 4 forms chemicals can take
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Mist
Vapour
Dust
Fibres
Outline the differences between acute and chronic health effects
Acute - high level exposure, short time exposed, effects happen quickly, recovery time usually quick once exposure has stopped - unless fatal
Chronic - low level exposure over a long time, effects can take a long time to materialise, often irreversible
Outline the factors to consider when carrying out an assessment of hazardous substance exposure
hazardous nature - toxic, corrosive etc
potential ill health effects - acute or chronic
physical forms the substance takes in the work place and what form they were exposed to
route of exposure
quantity of the exposure
The concentration of the substance
frequency of the exposure - one off of long term
duration of exposure
level of control measures already in place
Identify the 8 principles of good practice that are defined in schedule 2a of COSHH regs
Design and operate processes and activities to minimise emission, release and spread of substances hazardous to health
Take into account all routes of exposure
Control exposure by means appropriate to risk
choose most effective and reliable controls
provide suitable PPE if other control measures cannot be achieved.
review controls regularly for effectiveness
Information and training for all employees
Ensure control measures do not actually increase overall risk
Part of cleaning process, solvent is to be sprayed onto components before they are painted.
Identify 2 forms it may take
Liquid
Vapour/ Mist
Part of cleaning process, solvent is to be sprayed onto components before they are painted.
Outline possible routes of entry/ exposure (4)
Inhalation when in mist form
Injection if nozzle has point or high pressure jet
abortion if contact with the skin and cuts/ grazes
Ingestion if it gets in the mouth and is swallowed
Part of cleaning process, solvent is to be sprayed onto components before they are painted.
Identfy info that could be obtained from an MSDS sheet
Health and safety effects
If flammable or explosive
If it reacts violently with any other chemicals
storage requirements
first aid measures
recommended PPE
how to dispose
how to transport
concentration
environmental effect
emergency/ spill actions
Part of cleaning process, solvent is to be sprayed onto components before they are painted.
Outline control measures that should be taken to minimise health effects
Eliminate use of the product - use an alternative method to clean - sand blasting etc
Substitute for a less harmful chemical
Use the product in liquid form with brush application as it is less harmful
Use a separate room or fume cupboard to carry out the spraying
Automate the process to remove the human from the hazard
Use local exhaust or dilution ventilation
Job rotation
SSOW - permits to work - risk assessment
PPE
Identify 4 possible health effects with exposure to cement
irritation or corrosive burns to the eyes
irritation of the respiratory tract
irritant dermatitis on skin contact
allergic dermatitis repeated skin contact
corrosive burns to skin on prolonged contact
Outline 4 control measures to reduce the health effects when working with cement
Reducing exposure by using a different material or use less of it. reduce the exposure each person has by job rotation
Use protective clothing to cover skin and goggles/ dust mask to prevent exposure
Removal of contaminated clothing with a decontamination zone if required
good hygiene - wash skin to prevent cross contamination
Identify 4 exposure routes of biological organisms into the body
Ingestion of hepatitis A through faecal matter
Injection of hepatitis B through blood on a needle
Inhalation of legionella bacteria by contaminated water mist
Absorption of Leptospira bacteria through cut on the skin
Ouline control measure that could be used to reduce the risk of infection from biological effects
Ensure equipment and materials are kept clean and sanitary, using clean water, avoid certain water temperatures and stagnation
Good house keeping and hazard awareness, look out for needles or sharps in high risk locations. disinfect area.
Ensure good personal hygiene - clean hands after use, especially between jobs or after eating
Ensure correct PPE is used specific for the task, and possible route of entry from the hazard
Allow high risk personnel to carry high risk cards so emergency personnel can identify the infection quickly
Outline the issues that should be addressed by an organisation for the safe collection and disposal of its waste
Collection vehicles present a risk. enclosed area, reversing etc
Care with liquid waste pumping in case of spill and loss of containment
Any spillage should be foreseen and emergency plans in place
Waste should be correctly segregated to prevent multiplying hazards
Dangerous machinery and moving parts
Access to storage areas may be difficult to get to, steps, or locked, to avoid scavengers
Manual handling hazard
Legal compliance
What are the exposure action and limits for noise
Daily - lower 80 bB (A)
Daily - upper 85dB (A)
Daily - limit 87 db (A)
Peak - lower 135 dB (C)
Peak - upper 137 dB (C)
Peak - limit 140 dB (C)
What are the exposure action and limits for vibration
Daily - action - HAV - 2.5 m/s/s
Daily - limit - HAV - 5.0 m/s/s
Daily - action - body - 0.5 m/s/s
Daily - limit - body - 1.15 m/s/s
Outline measures that could be taken which would reduce the risk of BOTH noise and vibration
Regular maintenance to ensure noise and vibration does not increase due to poor condition
Chane the power source if possible, battery instead of mains, electric instead of petrol.
Reduce exposure times by task rotation
Install equipment to absorb the noise or vibration such as screens or shock absorbers
Install equipment to prevent the noise or vibration travelling to other areas - keep it localised.
Isolate the noise or vibration in high risk rooms and restrict access
Appropriate PPE and protection for hearing - training for all personnel on effects
What are the principle health effects associated with exposure to x-ray radiation
Sickness & diarrhoea, hair loss, anaemia due to red blood cell damage, reduced immune system due to white blood cell damage
Outline the precautions a dental nurse should take when working with an x-ray machine
Minimise exposure by leaving the room and using a remote button to activate
Increase distance between the source and the nurse
Use physical shielding, either an apron or a screen
Health surveillance to confirm ongoing exposure is not too high
Safe system of work, procedure to follow to confirm that all precautions have been put in place.
Outline 8 sources of stress in a work place - other than the physical environment
Too much work - excessive work loads can overload personnel
Too little work can lead to boredom and feelings of isolation
Nature of the job, difficult/ complex tasks
Difference between expectations and the ability of the worker
High emotional jobs such as trauma nurse
Poor work place relationships with colleagues - even bullying
Lack of support, instruction
Lack of clarity on what the job role actually is
Changes to the work place or work load
Changes to the process or company
Job insecurity
