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GC2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six main welfare requirements in any workplace

A 
Suitable and sufficient WCs
Washing Facilities
Changing rooms
accommodation for clothing
rest and eating facilities
access to drinking water
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2
Q

Identify the protective measures to be used for working in conditions of extreme heat

A

providing Good work place ventilation - moving air has a cooling effect

Insulating heat sources - by lagging hot pipes

Shielding heat source - to control radiant heat and prevent contact burns

Providing cool refuges - where workers can escape the heat

Providing easy access to drinking water

Providing frequent breaks and job rotation

Providing appropriate clothing

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3
Q

State some occupations at risk of violence at work

A 
Hospital staff & A and E Staff
Police
Social workers
Bus and Taxi drivers
Fire0Fighters and Paramedics
Traffic wardens
Railway staff
Estate agents
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4
Q

What strategies are available to avoid the risk of violence

A

Depending on the nature of the work and location:-

General Strategy: Clear policy against violence
Zero tolerance
Training to staff at risk (handling aggression & Violence, diffusing situations, break away/self defence)

Fixed workplace: Security guards, security doors. CCTV, screens, Panic buttons.

Out in community: Customer-vetting, visiting logging, safe systems of work, remote supervision, communications

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5
Q

What symptoms might an employer notice in an employee who is misusing drugs or alcohol

A 
Lateness
absenteeism
poor quality of work
reduced work rate
theft
dishonesty
irritability and mood swings
poor working relationships
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6
Q

Other than Slips, trips and falls, name three types of hazards faced by pedestrians

A 
Falls from heights
being struck by moving objects
vehicles
 flying objects
falling objects
sticking against stationary objects
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7
Q

What are the main hazards causing slips, trips and falls on the same level

A

Wet or greasy floors
uneven or loose surfaces
obstacles on the floor

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8
Q

State four factors that a risk assessment should consider in relation to hazards to pedestrians

A

Normal pattern of movement
Predictable abnormal movement, such as emergency evacuations
Accident history
Possible adverse weather conditions, e.g.; ice
Maintenance requirements

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9
Q

What are designated walkways

A

Areas which are specially protected from hazards by segregating people from vehicles, and within which pedestrians should be reasonably safe from harm

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10
Q

List eight control measure that might be relevant to the safe movement of pedestrians in a workplace

A 
Adequate lighting
use of appropriate footwear with good grip
level floor surfaces
non-slip floor surfaces
good drainage
spill control
use of designated walkways
provision of handrails to steps and stairs
Maintenance and repair of defects
use of high- visibility clothing
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11
Q

What is the safe method of working on a fragile roof

A

Ladders or crawling boards laid across the roof surface

supported by the underlying load-bearing roof member, in order to distribute the load

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12
Q

What are the main hazards on using a ladder

A 
Falling from the ladder
tipping or toppling side ways
the ladders slipping away from the wall
falling objects
contact with live objects
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13
Q

what is the difference between Standards, ledgers and transoms?

A

Standards are vertical tubes (upright), ledgers are horizontal tubes running parallel to the surface of the building
Transoms are the tubes spanning across ledgers at a right angle to the face of the building

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14
Q

What is the difference between tying and Bracing

A

Tying secures the scaffolding to the building, whereas Bracing is used t stiffen the framework by joining the framework diagonally

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15
Q

State the safety precautions which need to be taken when mobile elevating work platforms are in use

A

Firm, level ground for the vehicle to stand on

Sufficient clearance from any building or obstacles

Barriers in place to provide an exclusion zone, which also prevents collisions with equipment

Adequate edge protection for cradle

Controls of arm should be inside the cradle

Vehicle not moved with cradle raised unless it is designed for that purpose
no overloading
use must be restricted to trained, authorised staff

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16
Q

What is the angle at which ladders should be positioned

A

75 degrees to the horizontal (1 out : 4 up ratio)

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17
Q

When should scaffolding be inspected

A

Before being used for the first time

After any substantial alteration

Any event likely to effect its strength or stability

at regular intervals (usually weekly)

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18
Q

Identify some hazards that might be associated with temporary works

A

Hazards associated with:-
Extreme outdoor temperatures
Safe movement through the temporary work site (Slips trips & falls)

working at heights (Falls from heights and falling objects)

Vehicle hazards (Vehicle overturn)

Manual handling (lifting of components during maintenance actives)

Lifting Operation hazards (Such as collapse of mobile crane)

Tools and equipment hazards (Mechanical hazards)

Fire hazards associated with work actives (Cutting and Grindings) and flammable liquids and gas

Excavation ( Collapse of the excavation)

Demolition hazards (premature collapse of structure)

Chemical and biological hazards (asbestos disturbed during refurbishment works)

Noise and vibration hazards ( generated by machinery)

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19
Q

What are the main types of risk caused by vehicle operation

A

Loss of control
collision with other vehicles
pedestrians or fixed objects

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20
Q

What unsafe practices might cause a forklift truck o overturn

A 
Driving too fast
Traveling across a slope
Driving with the load raised up
sudden heavy braking
Uneven tyre pressure
corning too fast
driving into potholes or over kerbs
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21
Q

Identify the main safety measures used to manage vehicle operation and movement

A

Restricting vehicle operation use to qualified, authorised staff only

safe systems of work

speed limits

Designated vehicle parking places

Signs and markings

Signalling and the use of banksmen

loading and unloading procedures

General rules to make sure the vehicles do not become hazards

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22
Q

What special equipment might be fitted to vehicles to protect drivers

A

Seat belts
protective cages
Roll-Over Protective Structure (ROPS)
Guards to protect the drive from falling objects

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23
Q

In what conditions should warning lights and alarm systems be used

A

Used to alert pedestrians and other drivers of the approaching vehicle

At blind corners,
Junctions
Doorways
and on reversing

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24
Q

What are the main means of separating vehicles and pedestrians

A

Barriers
clear surface markings to mark separate routes for pedestrians and vehicles

kerbed pavements for outdoor roadways

Designated crossing points for pedestrians when crossing vehicle routes

Separate doorways and access points for pedestrians

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25
Q

What is the first option to consider when controlling driving risk

A

Eliminate the need to travel ;e.g. by use of video conference calling rather than face - to - face meeting

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26
Q

What are the three main concerns that can be managed by risk assessment process

A

The driver of the vehicle
the vehicle
the journey

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27
Q

State three rick factors associated with the journey

A 
The route to be taken
the schedule for the journey
the time allowed for the journey
the distance of the journey
adverse weather conditions
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28
Q

Sum up the aims of ergonomics in a simple phrase

A

Adapting the workplace to suit the worker

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29
Q

What are the categories of health risks arising from poor task and workstation design

A

Physical stress resulting in musculoskeletal injury

General Fatigue

Eye Strain
Aches and pains

Mental stress

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30
Q

State the risk factors involved in physical requirements relating to the work surface/desk

A

Work surface should be:

Large enough to hold necessary equipment and other items used

Equipment must be arranged to suit the needs of the individual

Deep enough to accommodate DSE at comfortable distance

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31
Q

State the risk factors involved in physical requirements relating to the Keyboard

A

The key board should be:

Appropriate designs, usable and comfort

Keys sufficient size and clarity

Able to tilt
separate from the screen

in comfortable position

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32
Q

State the risk factors involved in physical requirements relating to the Chair

A

The chair should be:-

adjustable seat back

good limber support

adjustable height to suit the user

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33
Q

State the risk factors involved in physical requirements relating to the Space

A

Each workstation should

sufficient clear unobstructed space to able work to be done safely
allow for manoeuvring and positioning of materials

provide freedom of movement

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34
Q

What are the main injuries associated with manual handling

A

back injuries - prolapsed disk
Work- Related Upper Limb Disorder (WRULD)
Muscle tears/strains
Tendon and ligament injuries. tears/strains
Hernias
Cuts, Burns, dislocation and broken bones

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35
Q

What s WRULD and how might it be brought about

A

WRULD = Work Related Upper Limb Disorder

It refers to ill-health conditions affecting the upper limbs
affecting the soft connecting tissues
muscles and nerves of the hand. wrist, arm and shoulder

from the repetition of ordinary movements such as

gripping , twisting, reaching or moving, often in a forceful and awkward manner without sufficient rest or recovery time

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36
Q

What is he characteristics of a load which may present a hazard

A 
Weight 
Size
shape
rigidity or lack of it
position of its centre gravity
presence or absence of handles
surface texture
stability of any contents
contents themselves
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37
Q

What sort of individual might be more prone to manual handling

A

Pregnant women and new mothers
Young people
People with pre-existing health conditions such as back injuries

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38
Q

What is the primary means of minimising the hazards of manual handling

A

The elimination of risk by automation, or the use of mechanical lifting equipment

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39
Q

Identify the main risk factors presented by the working environment in relation to manual handling

A 
Space restriction on movement and posture
Conditions of floors and other surfaces
Variations in levels
Temperature and humidity
Strong air movement
Lighting conditions
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40
Q

What are the most common hazards associated with Forklift trucks

A

Common hazards are caused due to their small wheels and particularly when loaded and with the forks raised, they may become unbalanced, resulting in them shedding load or tipping over

also from the constant need to reverse the truck

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41
Q

What are the most common hazards associated with Sack trucks

A 
overloading
instability of the load
moving over uneven ground causing it to tip
moving over slops causing it to tip
carless stowage
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42
Q

What are the most common hazards associated with Lifts and Hoist

A

Falls from heights (from a landing level, from the platform or with the platform
Being hit by materials from the platform
being struck by external objects or structure whilst on platform

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43
Q

What are the most common hazards associated with Cranes

A

risk of becoming unbalanced and toppling over
arms of crane swinging out of control
load sticking against something whilst being moved horizontally
or falling

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44
Q

What personal protective equipment might be appropriate for working with Pallet trucks

A

safety footwear

gloves while handling the load

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45
Q

What personal protective equipment might be appropriate for working with Cranes

A

safety foot wear
hard hat
gloves
high-visibility clothing

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46
Q

What are the typical safety precautions for safe use of a mobile crane

A

Assessment of the ground before siting the crane

Using the Outriggers

Ensuring that the driver is qualified and competent

ensuring the crane has been maintained with up to date report of thorough examination

using Banksman to direct the lifting operation

Ensuring the load is within the lifting capabilities of the crane

Making use of any warning devices or indicators fitted to the crane, such as the radius gauge and overload alarm

Not used in adverse weather (high winds)

Never lifting over a person

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47
Q

Why are maintenance workers sometimes at

greater risk than operators when working on machinery

A

guards have to be removed

Safety devices have to be disabled

Power sources may be exposed

Stared power may be released

Access may be difficult

Manual handling may be difficult

New hazards may be introduced

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48
Q

What are the general health and safety responsibilities of machine operators

A

Only operate equipment they are authorised to use

Operate equipment in accordance with instructions and training

only use equipment for its indented purpose

carry out all necessary Safety checks before using equipment

not use equipment if it is unsafe

report defects immediately

not use equipment under the influence of drugs or alcohol (including some medications that causes drowsiness)

Ensure equipment is clean and maintained in safe working order

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49
Q

From what do the risk in the use of hand held tools arise

A

Operator error
Misuse
Improper maintenance

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50
Q

From what do the additional risks of portable power tools arise

A

The power source (Especially the electrical power cables)

speed and force of the tool its self

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51
Q

Why might each power tool be marked

A

To identify it for inspection purpose as part of a routine maintenance system (electrical operated should be given a periodic inspection and test, PAT testing)

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52
Q

List the non-mechanical hazards arising from the use of machinery

A 
Noise
Vibration
Electricity 
Temperature
Hazardous materials and substances radiation (both ionising and non-ionising)
Fire
Explosions
Slips
Trips
Falls
Economics
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53
Q

What are drawing-in injuries

A

when part of the body is caught between two moving parts and drawn into the machine e.g drawn in between two counter-rotating rollers in a printing press

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54
Q

What is the hierarchy of protective measures

A 
Fixed enclosed guards
other types of guards
Protection devices
protection appliances
The provision of information, instruction, training and supervision
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55
Q

Describe the principles of an interlocking device guard system

A

Interlock guards:-
stop the machine immediately when the guard is opened

will not allow the guard to be opened until the machine has fully stopped

will not allow the machine to restart until the guard has been properly closed

56
Q

What is a trip device

A

A trip device which stops the motion of a machine when a person enters the hazard area

57
Q

What are the limitations of adjustable guards

A

Don’t completely prevent access to dangerous parts

Can easily be defeated or not used

rely upon operators being 100% vigilant in providing for heir own safety

58
Q

What are protective appliances

A

These are hand held tools or devices which are used to hold or manipulate a work piece as it enters the machine is worked on and /or removed from the machine.

they allow the operator to keep control of the workpiece whilst not coming into contact with the hazardous parts of the machine

they include push-sticks and other types of holder

59
Q

When are operators required to be trained in the sue of safety equipment

A

Before using the tools or machinery

60
Q

How may two handed controls be overridden

A

Two people can override the system by each holding one handle

61
Q

What five requirements are there for any guarding

A 
MUST:-
Be compatible with the process
Be of adequate strength
Be properly maintained
Not increase risk
Not be easily bypassed or disabled
62
Q

What hazards might arise from the use of a Bench-top-grinder

A

Mechanical -
contact, ejection of parts, swarf

Non-Mechanical -
Dust

63
Q

What hazards might arise from the use of a Chainsaw

A

Mechanical -
Cutting, entanglement, ejection

Non-Mechanical -
Noise , Vibration, Dust,Fire

64
Q

What hazards might arise from the use of a Bench-mounted saw

A

Mechanical -
Cutting/severing, drawing in

Non-Mechanical

Noise, dust

65
Q

List PPE that should be worn when using a chainsaw

A 
Face visor/eye protection
Ear defenders
Hard hat
Stout Gloves
Boots with good grip and steel toe-caps
Stout Shirt
66
Q

What is the relationship between current, resistance voltage and voltage in a simple circuit

A

This is given by Ohms law:
Voltage = Current x Resistance or
V= I x R

67
Q

What are the main effects of electric shock on the body

A

muscle tremor and contractions often violent
can result in heart beating spasmodically (Ventricular fibrillation),
or cardiac arrest
also burns

68
Q

If a person receives a shock for one second which passes through the body along path with a resistance of 10,000 ohms, what would be the current received and what effect might it have on the person if the voltage of the circuit touched was 230 volts

A

I = /R = 230/10,000 =23 mA. this will cause Strong muscle contraction and possibly breathing difficulties

69
Q

If a person receives a shock for one second which passes through the body along path with a resistance of 10,000 ohms, what would be the current received and what effect might it have on the person if the voltage of the circuit touched was 110 Volts

A

I = V/R = 110/10,000 = 11mA.

This will be painful and there will be some muscle contraction

70
Q

If a person receives a shock for one second which passes through the body along path with a resistance of 10,000 ohms, what would be the current received and what effect might it have on the person if the voltage of the circuit touched was 50 volts

A

I = V/R 50/ 10,000 = 5mA. Perhaps some mild tingling will be felt

71
Q

What first step in treating a victim of electric shock

A

The first action should be to break any continued contact between the victim and the current

72
Q

What is arcing and what risks does it pose

A

Arching is the electrical bridging through air of one conductor to another.
If arching is connected to a person, the victim may be subject to a burn from the arc and electric shock from the current which passes through the body.
There is also a danger of burs from ultra violet radiation and radiated heat, even where the arc does not actually touch a person.
Arcing can also provide a source of ignition for fire

73
Q

What does earthling do

A

Earthling provides a safe path for any fault current to be dispersed to earth through a low-resistance conductor

74
Q

What protection is offered by the cord grip in a plug

A

a cord grip restricts movement at the point of entry of the flexible cable into the plug, preventing abrasion of the cable. It also prevents the conductors being loose from their terminals

75
Q

What is the difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker

A

A fuse forms a weak link in a circuit by overheating and melting by design if the current exceeds the safe limit.
A circuit breaker is an electromechanical device in the form of a switch which automatically opens if the circuit is overloaded

76
Q

what is the difference between switching off and isolation

A

Switching off refers to depriving the equipment of electric power, but still leaving it connected.
Isolation refers to physically separating it from any source of electric power, with the additional step being taken of ensuring that it can not be inadvertently re-energised

77
Q

What protection is offered by a reduced low-voltage transformer used to provide power to hand tools

A

reduced low voltage circuit reduces the effect of any shock received from making contact with part of the circuit because of the relationship between voltage and current
If resistance stays the same then less voltage means less current

78
Q

What safety device should be used when mains supplied electric hand tools are being used outdoors

A

If they can not be powered by battery then a residual current should be used

79
Q

what user checks should be carried out before an item of electrical equipment is used

A

checks for the equipment is in good condition for :
Damage to the cable sheath, joint or plugs

Evidence that the equipment has been subjected to conditions for which it is not suitable, e;g it is wet or excessively contaminated
Damage to the external casing of the equipment or loose parts or screws

80
Q

Explain briefly how a friction might start a fire

A

Friction is the process whereby heat is given off by two materials moving against one another. in the absence of lubricant or cooling substance, it can result in the surface of the materials becoming hot or actually producing sparks, either of which may be stuffiest to cause ignition

81
Q

Explain briefly how a Space heater might start a fire

A

A space heater is designed to give off considerable heat and, close to the heater, temperatures may be very high.
Fire may be started by combustible materials being placed too close to the source of the heat (Through radiation) or by obstructing the air intake into the heater

82
Q

Identify the fire classification fire type for Butane gas cylinders burning in the storage area of a garden centre

A

Class C - Fires involving Gases

83
Q

Identify the fire classification fire type for Fire in the plaint shop of a car manufacturer

A

Class B - Fires involving flammable liquids

84
Q

Identify the fire classification fire type for a Fire in a Office

A

Class A _ Fires involving solids, mainly carbonaceous materials (here, most likely paper and furniture etc)

85
Q

Explain the three types of notice that inspectors enforcing the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 205 may issue

A

Enforcement Notices - require certain improvements to be made

Prohibition notice - Restricting the use of all or parts of the premises until improvements have been made.

Alteration Notices - for high-risk premises requiring that the authorities are informed before any changes are made to the premises or their use

86
Q

Outline five steps of a fire risk assessment

A

1) Identify the fire hazard :- Source of fuel , Source of ignition, source of oxygen
2) Identify the people that might be at risk:- People in the Premises , Vulnerable people
3) Evaluate , Identify and implement the risk and identify the fire precautions required:- Fire prevention, Prevention of the spread of smoke and flames, fire detection and alarms, fire-fighting equipment, means of escape, sign and notices, lighting
4) Record findings, plan and train:- Emergency plans, information and instructions, Training
5) Review and revise the assessment as necessary

87
Q

How might you minimize the risk of a fire in a woodworking area

A

By ensuring that wood shavings and dust are cleared regularly and ignition sources, such as cigarettes and sparks from electrical equipment, do not come into contact with combustible materials

88
Q

What precautions should be taken when using flammable liquids

A

Minimize the amount of flammable liquids in use at any one time
Held in appropriate containers (usually metal)
should be correctly labelled with a secure lid
the need to decant highly flammable liquids from one container to another should be minimized to reduce the risk of spillage

89
Q

Outline the effects of fire on an unprotected steel beam

A

Steel will conduct heat and increase the risk of fire spreading
the beams will distort possibly causing the collapse of any structure it is supporting

90
Q

Outline the typical characteristics of a fire door

A 
rated to withstand fire for a minimum period of time
Fitted with a self-closing device
Fitted with an intumescent strip
Vision panel of fire -resistant glass
Cleary Labelled
91
Q

What are the limitations of manual alarm systems and how may they be overcome

A

Manual systems alone can only raise an alarm over a limited area and for a limited time.
There has to be some means for the person raising the alarm to make it general - by using the phone or public address system, or a manual electrical system

92
Q

Identify the two main types of automatic fire detector

A

Smoke detectors (ionising and optical) and Heat detectors ( fixed temperature and rate of heat rise)

93
Q

Outline the main points to be covered in training in the use of fire extinguishers

A

General understanding of how extinguishers operate

Importance of using the correct extinguisher for different classes of fire

Practice in the use of different extinguishers

when to and when not to tackle a fire

When to leave a fire that has not been extinguished

94
Q

Identify the three ways of extinguishing a fire

A 
Starvation = removing the fuel
Smothering = removing the oxygen
Cooling = Removing the heat
95
Q

Identify the classes of fire that you would use an extinguisher that contained Water

A

Water = Class A

96
Q

Identify the classes of fire that you would use an extinguisher that contained Carbon dioxide Gas

A

Carbon dioxide = Classes B and E

97
Q

Identify the classes of fire that you would use an extinguisher that contained Dry Powder

A

Dry Powder = Suitable for all

98
Q

Identify the classes of fire that you would use an extinguisher that contained Foam

A

Foam = Class A (and some for Class B fires

99
Q

Identify the classes of fire that you would use a Fire Blanket

A

Fire Blankets = Small fires and Fat fires

100
Q

What is the purpose of signs use on escape routes

A

To direct occupants to the means by which they can safely leave the premises

101
Q

Outline the main requirements for an escape route

A

should be straight as possible direct to the assembly point

clear of obstruction
free of materials which could pose a fire hazard
wide enough throughout (Including doorways and openings
to provide for unrestricted flow of people

102
Q

What is an assembly point and how might it differ from a refuge

A

An assembly point should be a place of total safety (outside the building), in the open air, away from any further danger from the fire )
A refuge or place of relative safety, is a fire protected area that is not outside in the open air away from any further danger, where people can wait for a short time

103
Q

Suggest actions for which fire marshals might be responsible when an evacuation takes place

A

Ensuring all occupants leave by the designated escape route

searching all areas to ensure that the area is clear

Ensuring that fire escape routes are kept open and clear at all times

Ensuring all doors and windows are closed on leaving the area

conducting the roll call at the assembly area

Meeting the fire service on arrival and informing them of all relevant details

104
Q

What should take place at an assembly point following an evacuation

A

There should be a role call to ensure that all people in the affected area are present

105
Q

State the physical forms of chemical which may exist in the workplace

A 
Solids 
Liquids
Gases
Vapours
Mists
Fumes
and dust
106
Q

Identify the five main health hazards classifications of chemicals

A 
toxic
Harmful
Irritant
Corrosive
Carcinogenic
107
Q

Distinguish briefly what acute -health effects means

A

Acute = substance has a short term effect usually occurring after a large over -exposure over a short duration of time

108
Q

Distinguish briefly what Chronic health effects means

A

Chronic means that the substance has long -term effects usually occurring after repeated low-level exposure over a long duration of time

109
Q

Identify the routes of entry of chemical and biological agents into the body

A 
Inhalation
ingestion
absorption
injection
(Plus Aspiration)
110
Q

What information is generally provided on the label of a substance which has been classified as dangerous

A

The name of the subtances/preparation
The name(s) of the hazardous constituents
The indication of danger and the corresponding symbols/warnings phrases
Some basic precautions to take
Name, address and telephone number of the supplier

111
Q

What is the purpose of Safety data Sheets

A

Safety Date Sheets are intended to provide users with sufficient information about the hazards of the substance, or preparation for them , to take appropriate steps to ensure health and safety in the workplace in relation to all aspects of their use, including their transport and disposal

112
Q

Define the term Work place exposure limit

A

Workplace Exposure limits (WELs) are maximum concentrations of airborne contaminates, measured across a reference period of time , to which employees may be exposed by inhalation

113
Q

Give two of the limitations of WELs

A

They are designed only to control absorption into the body following inhalation

They take no account of human sensitivity or susceptibility (especially in relation to allergic response)

They do not take account of the synergistic effects of mixtures of substances

they may be invalidated by change in temperature, humidity or pressure

employees may be working with ineffective controls

the monitoring equipment may become contaminated

some limits are only guidelines

some limits do not consider all possible health effects of a substance

114
Q

What principles of control are illustrated by the using granulated pottery glazes instead of powder

A

substitution

115
Q

What principles of control are illustrated by vacuum-cleaning rather than using a broom

A

Work process change

116
Q

Job rotation

A

Reduced time exposure

117
Q

using water based adhesive rather than solvent-based

A

elimination

118
Q

What is the difference between local exhaust ventilation and dilution ventilation

A

Local Exhaust Ventiltion (LEV) is a control measure for dealing with contaminated generated from a point source.
Dilution ventilation deals with contamination in the general atmosphere of a workplace area

119
Q

What are dead areas and why are they a problem for dilution ventilation systems

A

Dead areas are areas in the in the workplace which , owing to the airflow pattern produced by the positioning of the extraction fans and the inlets for make-up air used in the ventilation system, remain motionless and so the air is not changed.
they are a problem because with fresh air and so high levels of hazardous substances can exist in these dead areas

120
Q

List four main types of respirators and the three main types of breathing apparatus

A

Respirators = Filtering face piece,Half mask, full face,respirators
Breathing apparatus = fresh air hose, compressed airlines and self contained systems

121
Q

What are the key criteria in the selection of the appropriate respirator to use

A

The type of hazard (dust,gas,vapour etc) and the category of the danger
contaminate concentration levels
water acceptability

122
Q

what is the main purpose of routine health surveillance

A

The main purpose of a health surveillance is to identify, at as earliest a stage as possible , any variation in the health of workers which may be related to working conditions

123
Q

How is carbon monoxide (CO) hazardous to health

A

Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiant gas when in haled it reduces the oxygen available to the body.
The present of (CO) in air causes asphyxiation when the CO combines with haemoglobin to form carbon-haemoglobin, a compound which prevents oxygen transport by the blood.
This causes headaches, drowsiness, unconsciousness, and death at relatively low concentrations

124
Q

name three diseases associated with asbestos exposure

A

Asbestosis - asbestos fibres lodge deep in the lungs and cause scar tissue formation. If enough of the lung is scarred the severe breathing difficulties occur. can be fatal. increases risk of cancer

Lung cancer - asbestos fibres in the lung trigger the development of cancerous growths in the lung tissue . usually fatal

Mesothelioma - asbestos fibres in the lung migrate through the lung tissue and into the cavities around the lung and trigger the development of cancerous growths in the lining tissue. Always fatal

125
Q

How is cement hazardous to health

A

irritation of corrosive burns to the eyes
Irritation of the respiratory tracts
Irritation dermatitis on skin contact
Allergic dermatitis on repeated skin contact

126
Q

Name six hazards that might arise when handling and storing waste for disposal

A

Any manual handling of waste

Mechanical hazards arising from any handling equipment, such as trucks or compactors

Fire hazards associated with strong combustible materials, especially if stored outside and accessible to trespassers

Health hazards arising from the chemical nature of the waste, eg; toxic substances

Hazards arising from the mixture of incompatible chemicals that might react together to form harmful products or even cause fire

Biological hazards that might arise from disposal of organic waste, such as food waste and the pets that might be associated eg rats

127
Q

What does daily personal exposure of 85dB (A) mean

A

refers the the daily personal exposure to noise at a level of 85dB(A) over the course of a working day (eight hours) or an equivalent exposure over a longer or shorter period. This represents the Upper Exposure Action Value at and above which action must be taken to reduce employee exposure.

db refers to decibels - the sound pressure level.
(A) = A weighting matrix, which takes into account the sensitivity of he human ear to noise at different frequancies

128
Q

What are the limitation of ear defenders

A

The seal between the ear and the protective device may be less than perfect due to long hair, spectacle frames, and jewellery, incorrect fitting or the wearing of helmets or face shields.

They may become uncomfortable during use and be removed.

they may need a dedicated storage facility

129
Q

What are the limitation of ear plugs

A

less noise reduction at high noise levels

The are more difficult to see and therefore enforce

can be a source of contamination into the ear if hygiene practices are poor

130
Q

What are the symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS)

A

Tingling and numbness in the fingers and hands

Blanching (Whitening) of the fingers on exposure to cold conditions

reddening and pain of the fingers after blanching attack

Loss of finger dexterity

Loss of grip strenght

131
Q

What type of non-ionising radiation is given off by Radio transmitter

A

Radio frequancy

132
Q

What type of non-ionising radiation is given off by Hot plate in kitchen

A

Infrared radiation

133
Q

What type of non-ionising radiation is given off by Arc welder in operation

A

Ultraviolet and infrared

134
Q

What type of non-ionising radiation is given off by red lightlaser

A

Visable radiation

135
Q

What are the health risks of visible radiation

A

Visible radiation is partially dangerous to the eyes if it is intense. The retina at the back of the eyes is very sensitive to visible light . If very intense, it can cause burns to exposed skin tissue

136
Q

Six work related causes of stress and for each give on example of preventative measure

A

Demands - Ensuring there are sufficient resources available to do the work required and the priorities and deadlines are negotiated and reasonable

Control - Encouraging workers to plan their work, and make decisions about how it is completed and how problems will be tackled

Support - providing positive feedback and focusing on performances, not on personality

Relationships - clear standards of conduct and policies to tackle harassment and bullying

Role - clear work objectives, job descriptions and reporting responsibilities

Change - consultation and involvement od staff in determining process.

GC2 (1 decks)

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