Gazetteer Flashcards
1
Q
Main mountain range in Afghanistan
A
Hindu Kush
2
Q
In the 19th century _____ and _____ struggled for the control of Afghanistan
A
Russia and Britain
3
Q
Britain withdrew in ____, allowing Afghanistan to become fully independent
A
1919
4
Q
Coalition Government
A
political parties cooperate to form a government
- usually because: no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election
5
Q
By 2001, a group called the _____ controlled 90% of Afghanistan
A
The Taliban (Islamic students)
6
Q
Why did an international force invade Afghanistan in 2001
A
Taliban refused to hand over Osama bin Laden (al Qaida terrorist leader)
7
Q
Taliban vs Al Qaida
A
Al-Qaeda fighters
- mostly urban, little religious training, wage international jihad (fight against the enemies of Islam)
- global objectives
The Taliban
- mostly from the countryside
- leaders have more religious training
- mostly local objectives (just want to take Afghanistan back)
8
Q
Nearly 70% of the people in ______ are farmers or nomadic herders
A
Afghanistan
9
Q
Government type of Afghanistan
A
Islamic Republic
10
Q
Pashtun (45%), Tajik (25%), Hazara, Uzbek are all ethnic groups of _______
A
Afghanistan
11
Q
Languages of Afghanistan
A
Pashtu, Dari/Persion, Uzbek
12
Q
Religions of Afghanistan
A
Islam (mostly Sunni Muslim)
13
Q
Sunni vs shia muslim
A
Their beliefs over who should have succeeded the Prophet Muhammad is the key theological difference between the two
- Shiites give human beings the exalted status that is given only to prophets in the Quran (sunnis do not)
- Shias believe Ali and his descendants are part of a divine order
- Sunni are opposed to political succession based on Mohammed’s bloodline
14
Q
Currency of Afghanistan
A
Afghani
15
Q
1 Afghani = 100 ____
A
puls
16
Q
the balkans contains
A
- Greece
- Albania
- North Macedonia
- Bulgaria
- Romania
- Kosovo
- montenegro
- serbia
- croatia
- bosnia herzegovina
- sloevnia
17
Q
Albania faces the _____ sea
A
adriatic
18
Q
70% of albanian land ______
A
montanious
19
Q
Until the early 1991 Albania was a ________ country
A
communist
- post this there’s been a shift to democratic
20
Q
Governement type (Albania)
A
Multiparty republic
21
Q
Republic
A
state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives - elected or nominated president/prime minister rather than a monarch
22
Q
Ethnic groups of Afghanistan
A
Albanian (95%), Greek, Macedonian
23
Q
Languages of Albania
A
Albanian
24
Q
Religions of Albania
A
70% follow Islam
30% follow Christianity
many say they are non-believers or “of the believers”
25
In Albania 1 ____ = 100 Qindars
Lek
26
____ is Africa's largest country
Algeria
27
Most Algerians live in the ______
North (fertile coastal plains/hill country bordering the sea)
28
The north of Algeria borders the _______ sea
Mediterranean
29
80% of ______ is in the Sahara desert
Algeria
30
France rule Algeria from 1830 - ______
1962
31
Population of Afghanistan
40 million
32
Population of Albania
~3 million
33
What country experienced "The Black Decade". What was the black decade
Algeria
During the 1990s the government (National Liberation Front FLN) fought a brutal civil war against an Islamist insurgency (Islamic Salvation Front FIS) that it eventually won
200,000 civilians killed
34
2 chief resources of Algeria
Oil and natural gas
- think: 80% of country is covered by desert
- it accounts for more than 90% of exports
35
Population of algeria
45 million
36
Government type (Algeria)
Socialist Republic
- its a multiparty state
37
Arab-Berber is the primary ethnic group of _____
Algeria
38
Primary religion of Algeria
Sunni Muslim
39
Algerian ____ = 100 centimes
Dinar
40
2 languages spoken in Algeria
Arabic and Berber
41
Andorra is situated in the ______ mountains
Pyrenees
42
Government type (Andorra)
Co-principality
- meaning there are 2 co-princes of Andorra who are jointly the heads of state
43
Andorra population
~80 000
44
Angola has a _____ climate
Tropical
- dry coast
45
Angola became independent from Portugal in ____
1975 (after which rival nationalist groups struggled for power until 2002)
- successful parliamentary elections were held in 2008
- portugal controlled the coastal slave trade
46
____% of people in Angola are poor farmers
70
- cassava and maize primary food crops
47
Population of Angola
35 milllion
48
Government type: Angola
Multiparty republic
49
Official language of Angola
Portuguese
50
3 Religions of Angola
Traditional beliefs 50%
- ie. avoiding the sun or moon at certain times or wearing charms
Roman Catholic 40%
Protestant 15%
51
In Angola, 1 ____ = 100 Lwei
Kwanza
52
Antigua & Barbuda became independent from Britain in ___
1981
53
_____ is the main industry is Antigua and Barbuda
Tourism
54
Mountain range in Argentina
Andes
55
Highest peak in the Americas (hint found in Argentina)
Mount Aconcagua
56
Andes Mountains overlook _____ in southern Argentina
Patagonia (largely desert)
57
____ took control of Argentina in the 16th century and ruled until ____
Spain; 1816
58
Main resource of Argentina
Oil
59
Falklands Conflict was a short undeclared war between Argentina and ______ over the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The conflict lasted 74 days and cost over 900 lives.
Britain
60
About ___% of people in Argentina live in urban areas
90%
61
Argentina Population
45 million
62
Government type: Argentina
Federal Republic
- a federation of states with a republican form of government
63
Ethnic groups of Argentina
European 97%
64
Offical language of Argentina
Spanish
65
Primary Argentina Religion
Roman Catholic
66
1 Argentine _____ = 10 000 Australs
Peso
67
______: Alliance between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay aimed at creating a common market, set up in _____
Mercosur; 1991
68
Within the Soviet Union, Armenia, along with Georgia and Azerbaijan became part of the ________ republic in ______
- this was set up by communists (so the 3 countries were under Russian control)
Transcaucasian Republic; 1922
69
Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan became separate Soviet Socialist republics in ____
1936
70
When did Armenia become an independent republic
in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union
71
Fighting broke out over Nogorno-Karabakh between ____ and ____
Armenia and Azerbaijan
- (an area enclosed by Azerbaijan in which most people are Armenians)
- concluded in Armenia taking control of about 20% of Azerbaijan's land area
72
Population of Armenia
~3 million
73
Government type: Armenia
Multiparty Republic
74
Primary Armenia ethnic groups
Armenian 93% and Russian 2%
75
Official Language of Armenia
Armenian
76
Primary religion in Armenia
Amernian Apostolic
77
In Armenia 1 _____ = 100 Couma
Dram
78
person identified with the country of Argentina
Argentine
79
person identified with the country of Afghanistan
Afghan
- use of Afghani in this meaning is considered to be incorrect and is sometimes perceived as offensive.
80
person identified with the country of Albania
Albanian
81
person identified with the country of Algeria
Algerian
82
person identified with the country of Angola
Angolan
83
person identified with the country of Antigua and Barbuda
Antiguan
84
person identified with the country of Armenia
Armenian
85
_____ is the flattest Continent
Australia
86
Population of Australia
~25 million
87
Government type: Australia
Federal Constitutional Monarchy
- monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions
- monarchs are bound to exercise powers and authorities within limits prescribed by an established legal framework
88
Ethnic groups of Australia
Caucasian 92
Asian 7
Aboriginal 1
89
Religions of Australia
Roman catholic and Anglican 26 each
other christian 24
90
1 Australian Dollar = 100 _____
cents
91
_______ Austria contains ranges of the Alps
Southern
92
The monarchy of Austria-_______ collapsed in 1918
Hungary
93
______ was taken over by Germany in ______
Austria; 1938
94
Austria joined in the European Union in ____
1995
95
one of the most important industrial sectors in Austria
Steel/metal manufacturing
96
Government type: Austria
Federal Republic
- a lot of coalition governments formed
97
Ethnic groups: Austria
Austrian 90
Croation, Slovene
98
Official langue of Austria
German
99
Primary religion of Austria
Roman Catholic 78
100
Currency of Austria
Euro
101
the ______ sea is on the ____ coast of Azerbaijan
Caspian
102
In Azerbaijan, the _____ mountains border Russia in the north
Caucasus
103
Azerbaijan became an independent nation in ____ following the breakup of the soviet union
1991
104
Azerbaijan has huge ____ reserves
oil
105
Population of azerbaijan
10 million
106
Government type: Azerbaijan
Federal multiparty republic
107
______ people make up 90% of people in Azerbaijan
Azeri
- 3% Dagestani
Russian, Armenia
108
person identified with the country of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani or Azeri
109
Official language of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani
- russian and armenian also spoken
110
______ is the primary religion of Azerbaijan (93% of people)
Islam
- small percentages of Russian Orthodox and Armenia Orthodox
111
1 Azerbaijani ______ = 100 Gopik
Manat
112
What is a archipelago
island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands
113
World's largest archipelago
The Malay archipelago (the East Indies)
- philippines, indonesia, Malaysia
- around 25 000 islands
- formed by glacial retreat
114
How many islands in Indonesia
~17 000
115
How many islands in the philippines
~ 7000
116
The Bahamas because independent from _____ in _____
Britain; 1973
- has since developed strong ties with the united states
117
Bahamas population
~400 000
118
Bahrain is an island country (she's an archipelago) in the ______ gulf
Persian Gulf
- theres a highway across the water to Saudi Arabia
119
Bahrain became independent from the UK in ____
1971
120
____ accounts for 80% of Bahrains exports
Oil
121
Government type: Bahrain
Constitutional Monarchy
122
Population of bahrain
1.5 million
123
_____ is the worlds most densely population country
Singapore
124
Alluvium
loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed
- All of the sediment it was carrying falls out as the water slows down
125
Most of the land in Bangladesh is _____ (flat or mountainous) and cover d by _____ (fertile or infertile) alluvium
flat; fertile
126
T or F: Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate
true
- moist southerly winds bring heavy rain in the summer
127
Bangladesh was called _______ until _____
East Pakistan; 1971
- they rebelled against West Pakistan starting a 9 month civil war
128
Population of Bangladesh
170 million
129
Government type: Bangladesh
Multiparty republic
130
Primary ethnic group of Bangladesh
Bangali 98%
131
Official langue of Bangladesh
Bengali
- English also spoken
132
Primary 2 religions of Bangladesh
islam 83 and Hinduism 16
133
In _____ 1 Taka = 100 Paisas
Bangladesh
134
Person identified with the Bahamas
Bahamian
135
person identified with Bahrain
Bahraini
136
person identified with Bangladesh
Bangladeshi
NOT Bengali - Bengali refers to a person who speaks the Bengali language
- Bengali can also refer to an Indian Bengali or a Bangladeshi Bengali
137
______ is the most easterly Caribbean country
Barbados
138
Barbados became independent from ______ in ______
Britain; 1960
139
Belarus was under Soviet control until declaring its sovereignty and independence from the Soviet Union in ____
1990/1991
140
Population of Belarus
~10 million
141
Population of Barbados
~300 000
142
______ contains Europes largest marsh and peat bog, the Pripet Marshes
Belarus
143
Government type: Belarus
Multiparty republic
144
Ethnic groups: Belarus
Belarusian 81
Russian
Polish
Ukranian
145
2 official languages of Belarus
Belarusian and Russian
146
Primary religion of Belarus
Christianity: Eastern Orthodox 80%
147
In ______ 1 rouble = 100 Kopecks
Belarus
148
person identified with Belarus
Belarusian
149
Belgium borders the ______ sea
North
150
Belgium became independent in ____
1830
151
_____ is a customs union formed by Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium
Benelux
152
______ holds the world record of a country with no government (541 days)
Belgium (between 2010-2011)
153
tension between dutch speaking flemings and french speaking walloons in _____
Belgium
154
Population of belgium
~12 million
155
Government Type: Belgium
Federal Constitutional Monarchy
156
Ethnic groups of Belgium
Belgian 89 (composed of 58 Fleming and 31 Walloon)
157
3 Official languages of Belgium
Dutch, French, German
158
Primary religion of Belgium
Roman Catholic
159
Mountain range in Belize
Maya Mountains
160
Belize was a ______ colony from 1862 to _____
British; 1981
161
______ opposed Belize's independence and only in the early ______ did they agree to recognize it
Guatemala; 1990s
162
population of belize
400 000
163
Official language of Belize
English
- Spanish and Creole also spoken
164
_____ is the only Central American country where English is the official language
Belize
165
Mestizo and Creole are both ethnic groups of ______
Belize
166
Government type: Belize
Constitutional Monarchy
167
1 Bezilian ____ = 100 cents
dollar
168
Primary religion in Belize
Roman Catholic
169
In Benin the inland plains are wetter than the coast
true
170
Benin was a _____ republic between 1972-1990
Socialist
171
Benin became fully independent in ______
1960
172
Benin population
13 million
173
Person identified with Belize
Belizean
174
Government type: Benin
Multiparty Republic
175
Fon, Adja, Bariba are ethnic groups found in _____
Benin
176
Official language of Benin
French
- Fon, Adja, Yoruba also spoken
177
Religions of Benin (2)
Traditional Beliefs 50
Christianity 30
Islam 20
178
In Benin _____ = 100 centimes
CFA Franc
179
_____ is a group of about 15- small islands around 920 km east of USA
Bermuda
180
_____ remains Britain's oldest overseas territory
Bermuda
181
Mountain range in Bhutan
Himalayas
182
In ____ Bhutan held its first ever democratic elections (ending over a century of absolute royal rule)
2008
183
The _____ of Bhutan is head of both state AND government
Bhutan
184
Government type: Bhutan
Constitutional Monarchy
185
Population of Bhutan
800 000
186
Ethnic groups of Bhutan
Bhutanese 50
Nepalese 35
187
In ______ 1 Ngultrum = 100 Chetrum
Bhutan
188
Dzongkha is the official language of _____
Bhutan
189
2 religions of Bhutan
Buddhism 75
Hinduism 25
190
People identified with Benin
Beninese
191
Mountain range in Bolivia
Andes
192
Government type: Bolivia
Multiparty Republic
193
Mestizo , Quechua, Aymara are ethnic groups of ______
Bolivia
194
Spanish, Aymara, Quechua are official languages of _____
Bolivia
195
Primary religion of Bolivia
Roman Catholic
196
in Bolivia 1 _____ = 100 Centavos
Boliviano
197
Government Type: Bosnia-Herzogovina
Federal Republic
198
Ethnic groups of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bosnian 48
Serb 37
Croat 14
199
3 languages of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
200
3 religions of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Islam 40
Serbian Orthodox 31
Roman Catholic 15
201
In ______ 1 Convertible Marka = 100 Convertible Pfenniga
Bosnia-Herzegovina
202
People identified with Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bosniaks, the Serbs, and the Croats
203
Bosnian Serbs or Bosnian Croats opposed the independence of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bosnian Serbs
- they started a war against the non-serbs
