Gavin's green and red

Question 1

antiemetics greens. name and class (4)

Answer 1

5HT3 receptor antagonist: odansetron
dopamine d2 receptor antagonist+antihistamine: prochloperamide
D2 receptor antagonist: metoclopramide
anticholerginic (motion sickness): hyoscine/scopolamine

Question 2

constipation green name and class (3)

Answer 2

bulk forming: psyllium
osmotic laxative: lactulose, macrogol
stimulant: bisacodyl
opoid receptor antagonist: methylnaltrexone

Question 3

diarrhea green name and class (2)

Answer 3

opoid agonist: loperamide
intestine adsorption (kaolin’s group): diosmectite

Question 4

Antiemetics red name and class (6)

Answer 4

5HT3 antagonist: granisetron
D2 antagonist: promethazine
NK1 antagonist: aprepitant
corticosteroid: dexamethasone
motion sickness: cinnarizine
benzodiazapine: lorazepam

Question 5

constipation red name and class (2)

Answer 5

stool surfactant: glycerin and NaCl enema
5HT4 antagonist: prucalopride

Question 6

diarrhea red name andn class (4)

Answer 6

intestinal adsorbant: diphenoxcylate + atropine (diphen crosses BBB)
Bismuth
lactobacillus acidophillus (lacteol fort)

Question 7

A patient with constipation is prescribed psyllium
(Metamucil) by his healthcare provider. What essential teaching will the nurse give to the patient?
1. Take the drug with meals and at bedtime.
2. Take the drug with minimal water so that it will
not be diluted in the GI tract.
3. Avoid caffeine and chocolate while taking this
drug.
4. Mix the product in a full glass of water and drink
another glassful after taking the drug.

Answer 7

Answer: 4 Rationale: To avoid esophageal or gastric
obstruction, psyllium (Metamucil) should be mixed
with a full glass of water or juice and followed by
another full glass of liquid. Options 1, 2, and 3 are
incorrect. The drug should not be taken directly with meals because nutrients in the food may be bound into
the psyllium and not absorbed. Psyllium should not be
taken dry and should be taken with plenty of fluids.
Caffeine and chocolate do not need to be avoided while
on this medication.

Question 8

A patient with severe diarrhea has an order for
diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil). When assessing for therapeutic effects, what will the nurse expect
to find?
1. Increased bowel sounds
2. Decreased belching and flatus
3. Decrease in loose, watery stools
4. Decreased abdominal cramping

Answer 8

. Answer: 3 Rationale: A decrease in the number and consistency of stools is a therapeutic effect of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil). Options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect. A decrease in bowel sounds rather than an
increase would be noted if the drug is having therapeutic effects. The drug has no direct effect on the causes
of belching or flatus. Although reduction in abdominal
cramping may occur due to decreased peristalsis, it is
not the therapeutic indication for the drug

Question 9

The nurse is preparing to administer chemotherapy to
an oncology patient who also has an order for ondansetron (Zofran). When should the nurse administer the
ondansetron?
1. Every time the patient complains of nausea
2. Just prior to starting the chemotherapy
3. Only if the patient complains of nausea
4. When the patient begins to experience vomiting
during the chemotherapy

Answer 9

2 Rationale: To be most effective, ondansetron
(Zofran) or other antiemetics should be administered
just prior to initiating the chemotherapy drugs. Options
1, 3, and 4 are incorrect. Almost all chemotherapy drugs
have emetic potential and the nurse should not wait
until the patient complains of nausea or experiences
vomiting before giving the drug. The patient may
complain of nausea more frequently than is possible to
give the drug. Other nondrug relief strategies such as
diversion techniques or ginger ale should also be tried.

Question 10

A patient with terminal cancer is receiving naloxegol
(Movantik) for control of opioid-induced constipation.
Because this drug is an opioid-antagonist, what effects
on the patient’s pain should the nurse anticipate?
1. The pain may worsen and additional adjunctive
drugs may be required
2. There should be no effects on the patient’s level
of pain
3. The pain may decrease, requiring less of the opioid drug
4. The patient’s pain level may decrease, but respiratory depression may occur

Answer 10

Answer: 2 Rationale: Naloxegol (Movantik) is an opioidantagonist that works on opioid receptors in the large intestine, thus decreasing chronic constipation. It is not absorbed through the blood–brain barrier. Options 1,
3, and 4 are incorrect. Because the drug is not absorbed
through the blood–brain barrier, there is little effect on
pain control.