gave up dividing them Flashcards
what is the reagent for ketone -> alcohol?
Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH4)
What is a dative covalent bond?
where both electrons come from the same atom
What is a weak acid?
acid which is partially dissociated into hydrogen ions
What effect does a small degree of conjugation have on the HOMO LUMO gap?
larger energy gap between HOMO and LUMO
What is a weak base?
base which is partially dissociated into hydroxide ions OH-
What is a homogeneous catalyst?
A catalyst which is in the same state as ions in the reaction
What is an Agonist?
A molecule which reacts with a receptor to mimic the bodies natural response
What is an Antagonist?
A molecule which reacts with a receptor to block the bodies natural response- THIS WILL PRODUCE NO RESPONSE.
What is a medicine?
A drug which has a beneficial effect
What is a pharmacophore?
the structural fragment of a molecule which is pharmacologically active
How are sigma bonds formed?
Molecular orbitals that form by end-on overlap of atomic orbitals along the axis of the covalent bond are called sigma bonds
How are pi bonds formed?
Molecular orbitals that form by side-on overlap of parallel atomic orbitals that lie perpendicular to the axis of the covalent bond are called pi bonds
What is hybridisation?
The process of mixing atomic orbitals within an atom to generate a set of new atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals. Hybrid orbitals are degenerate.
How are sp3 hybrid orbitals formed?
the 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals of carbon hybridise to form four degenerate sp3 hybrid orbitals. sp3 hybrid orbitals overlap end-on with other atomic orbitals to form sigma bonds
How are sp2 hybrid orbitals formed?
the 2s orbital and two of the 2p orbitals hybridise to form three degenerate sp2 hybrid orbitals.
