Gatstroenteritis inc. HUS Flashcards
What are the 2 mechanisms for bacteria to produce symptoms?
Invade bowel wall
produce toxin
What is the most common bacterial cause of gastroeneritis?
Campylobacter
serious in very young and old
What other bacteria can cause gastroenteritis?
Salmonella
E. coli 0157
What bacteria have a short incubation period of 1-6 hours? Why is this?
Staph aureus
Bacillus cereus
Preformed toxin in food leads to rapid absorption
What bacteria have a medium incubation period of 12-48 hours? Why is this?
Salmonella
Cl perfringens
invasion of bowel wall and toxin produced in gut
What bacteria have a long incubation period of 2-14 days? Why is this?
Campylobacter
E coli 0157
invasion of bowel wall and toxin produced in gut
Where is campylobacter most commonly spread from?
poultry and raw milk
Where is salmonella enteritidis most commonly spread from?
poultry, meat and raw egg
How are salmonellae typed?
O-antigen on body
Antigen on tail
How is E coli 0157 spread?
person-person
from food-person
Who are at risk of E coli 0157 complications
children and elderly
How does HUS present?
Abdo pain fever pallor petechiae oliguria bloody diarrhoea in 90% cases
What is used to diagnose HUS?
LDH >1.5 x normal
What causes HUS?
verotoxin produced by E coli (not just 0157) leads to renal cell anc RBC death as well as other cells deaths
If a patient has HUS what should not be given?
Antibiotics
anti-motility agents
NSAIDs
Where can E coli 0157 be contracted from?
Contact with farm animals
Private drinking water
Burgers
unpasteurised dairy product
If a patient has Ecoli 0157 or HUS what has to be done?
Contact Health Protection Unit
What do bacteria need t multiply?
Time, temperature, food source, moisture
How does acute enteritis present?
fever
D&V
abdominal pain
How does acute colitis present?
fever
pain
bloody diarrhoea
How does enteric fever like illness present? Typhoid presents like this
fever rigors abdo pain constipation but possible short history of diarrhoea tired muscle pains
What infections can cause bloody diarrhoea?
Campylobacter
Shigella
E coli 0157
amoebiasis
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Post infectious sequalea of neurological symptoms
How is enteric fever like illness (typhoid) diagnosed?
Blood culture (key) stool and urine cultures
What does HUS consist of?
haemolytic anaemia
acute kidney failure
low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
What is used to determine the severity of a CDI?
Suspicion of pseudomembranous colitis or toxic megacolon or ileus or colonis dilation
WCC
Creatinine
How is gastroenteritis treated?
oral rehydration #1 IV fluids anti-spasmodics? Anti-motility? (loperamide, opiates) antibiotics?
How is C diff described?
Anaerobic gram-positive spore forming bacillus
How is pseudomembranous colitis treated?
non-severe - metronidazole
severe - vancomycin
