GATHERING AND REPORTING QUANTITATIVE DATA Flashcards
where individual values are assigned a descriptive category
Qualitative
where the individual values are described on a numerical scale which may be either (i) continuous, taking any value on the measurement scale, or (ii) discontinuous (or discrete), where only integer values are possible
Quantitative
typically under the control of the experimenter
independent variable
variable being measured
dependent variable
is the degree of agreement between the
measured value and the true value.
accuracy
signifies the smallest quantity that the instrument could be sensitive to or is able to detect.
precision
a convenient way of expressing very large and very small numbers
scientific notation of a value
A. Rewrite the following numbers in scientific notation, in simplest form. Include units. Use appropriate significant figures! (1 pt each)
EXAMPLE: Number of galaxies in the universe: 1 trillion galaxies = 1 x10 12 galaxies
- Thickness of a human hair: 0.015 cm =
- Volume of a hydrogen atom: 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 621 cm3 =
- Average height of Filipino men: 163.22 m =
- Diameter of Earth: 12, 742 km =
- Age of the solar system: 4571000000 billion years =
1.5 x 10^-2 cm
6.21 x 10^-25 cm^3
1.6322 x 10^2 m
___
4.571 x 10^9 billion years
B. Perform the following unit conversions: (2 pts each)
1. 45 µg = mg
2. 45µg = ng
3. 45µg = kg
4. 550 nm = km
5. 6328 Å = nm (Note: 1 Å = 10–10 m)
6. 1 m2 = cm2
7. 1 km2= mm2
8. 200 cm3 = mL (Note: 1 m3 = 1000 L)
9. 15 psc= ns
10. 100. km/h = m/s
How many significant figures are represented in each of the following numbers? (1 pt each)
a. 579.420 =
b. 3.14159265 =
c. 2 × 1011 =
d. 50.1 =
e. 3800 =
f. 5.60 × 1048 =
g. 243.0 =
h. 9.0000 × 10–9=
i. 0.0000030 =
j. 8 =
6
9
1
3
2
3
4
4
5
2
1
0.0034 cm significant figure?
2
1.000 m significant figure?
4
0.000200 cm significant figure?
3
800 g significant figure?
1
20.000 km significant figure?
5
8.50 x 10^2 s significant figure?
3
3.641 x 10^-1 min significant figure?
4
55000 kg significant figure?
2
48 Quezon Avenue significant figure?
not a significant figure
12:00 a.m. significant figure?
not a significant figure
In addition, and subtraction, the answer must contain the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as that term containing the ______________ to the right of the decimal point.
least number of digits
In multiplication and division, the answer must contain the same number of significant figures as that term with the _______________ of significant figures.
fewest number
