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Radiology > Gateway exam > Flashcards

Gateway exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sialolith?

A

a salivary gland calcification

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2
Q

Where do the majority of sialoliths occurs?

A

Submandibular gland - 83-94%

50% in the distal third of the duct
20% in the proximal third
30% within the gland

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3
Q

Is a sialolith always symptomatic?

A

No

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4
Q

What symptoms may you get?

A

meal time syndrome. Sudden onset recurrent swelling associated with eating.
RECURRENT SIALADENITITS

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5
Q

What is the peak incidence of a sialolith?

A

30-50 with males twice as likely to be affected

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6
Q

Radiopacity of salivary stones

A

40% of parotid salivary stones are radiolucent

20% of submandibular stones are radiolucent

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7
Q

How can you detect radiolucent stone?

A

Ultasound

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8
Q

What other methods of imaging are there?

A

2 radiological views at 90 degrees to one another

sialography

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9
Q

What may cause cervical lymph node calcification?

A

Previous chronic infection eg. TB, Cat scratch, radiotherapy

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10
Q

Why do lymph nodes calcify?

A

Inflammation leads to fibrosis and dystrophic calcification.

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11
Q

What do calcified lymph nodes look like radiographically?

A

> 1.5 cm
irregular outline
variable densities

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12
Q

What is a tonsillith?

A

Tonsillar calcifiaction

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13
Q

Where and when do you find tonsilliths?

A

Normally an incidental finding in >40

Overlies the air shadow of the oropharynx as it corsses over the posterior body/ramus of the mandible. SMALL RADIOPAQUE

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14
Q

What is the normal length of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

0.5-2.5cm

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15
Q

When is the stylohyoid ligament considered elongated?

A

> 28 mm on a DPT

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16
Q

What is Eagles syndrome?

A

Elongation of the stylohoid process along with symptoms of pain on turning the head and swallowing

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17
Q

What is the most common sight for arterial carotid calcification?

A

C4, the sight of carotid calcification, adjacent to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

What is a phlebolith?

A

A venous calcification. it is a calcified thrombus associated with vascular lesions eg, haemangioma

19
Q

Describe the radiological appearance of a phelbolith

A

Well defined round or ovoid opacity
often centric deposits with central radiolucency
rarely solitary

20
Q

What imaging modality would you suggest if a patient has been suffering from chronic sinusitis for >3 months

A

CT

21
Q

What is an antrolith?

A

A calcification in the antrum with an inflammatory aetiology

22
Q

What other conditions can cause calcification of the antrum?

A 
Thalasseamia
sickle cell anaemis
fibrous dysplasia
Pagets disease
osteopetrosis
23
Q

Differentials for odontogenic, unilocular cyts

A

Radicular cyst
Residual cysts
Lateral periodontal cyst
Dentigerous cyst

24
Q

Differentials for non-odontogenic, unilocular cysts

A

Nasopalantine cyst
Nasolabial cyst
Bone cyst - solitary/aneurysmal

25
Q

What is the origin of radicular and residual cysts?

A

Cell rests of Malassez from the epithelial remnants of the Hertwigs epithelial root sheath

26
Q

What is a lesion below the ID canal?

A

NON-ODONTOGENIC

27
Q

What is the origin of a lateral periodontal cyst?

A

reduced enamel epithelium

28
Q

What is a botyroid cysts?

A

A mulitlocular variant of the lateral periodontal cyst. It is rare and seen more commonly in middle age to older adults

29
Q

What is the origin of a dentigerous cyst?

A

Remenants of the reduced enamel epithelium after tooth formation

Usually affecting the crowns of unerrupting teeth such as 3’s and 8’s

30
Q

What is an eruption cyst?

A

A term used to describe a dentigerous cyst when it is in the soft tissues overlying the unerupted tooth

31
Q

What is commonly seen in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome?

A

Odontogenic keratocyst

32
Q

What is an odontogenic keratocyst?

A

A multilocular odontogenic tumour most commonly seen in the anterior maxilla or posterior mandible

33
Q

What is known as the great mimicer?

A

Ameloblastoma

34
Q

What is an ameloblastoma?

A

An multilocular odontogenic tumour. It is rare but very disfiguring.
SOAP BUBBLE EFFECT
affect the posterior mandible (anterior mandible in black africans)

35
Q

Unicystic ameloblastoma

A

accounts for ~15% of ameloblastomas. Usually associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth

36
Q

What is the appearance of an odontogenic myxoma?

A

Mutlilocular - soap bubble/honeycomb

Affects the posterior mandible or maxilla and is of odontogenic origin

37
Q

Cortical expansion of neoplastic lesions

A

lingual and buccal expansion may be uneven.

38
Q

Malignant periosteal reactions have what effect?

A

Suburst

39
Q

Differentials for well defined, non-corticated, punched out lesions

A

Mutiple myeloma
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
primary malignancy
metastasis (breast, bronchus, kidney, thyroid, prostate)

40
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A

Multifocal proliferation of the plasma cell series within the bone marrow which leads to the overproduction of immunoglobulins

41
Q

Lamellar type periosteal reaction is common in that?

A

Osteomyelitis

42
Q

What is osteomyeletis

A

Infection and inflammation of the bone marrow. It is usually caused by bacteria

43
Q

What is a supplemental tooth?

A

A supernumerary tooth , where the tooth has a normal shape for a tooth in that series

44
Q

What is the dental relevance of cleidocranial dysplasia?

A

Multiple supernumerary teeth
Failure of eruption of secondary teeth
Prgnathic mandible due to hypoplasia of the maxilla

Radiology (2 decks)

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