Gateway 1

Question 1

What is a tectonic hazard

Answer 1

Earthquakes and volcanic eruption

Question 2

What is climatic hazard

Answer 2

Flood and storms

Question 2

Where and Description of Oceanic crust

Answer 2

Beneath deep oceans. Between 5 - 8km thick. 200 million years old. Basalt(heavy and dense rock formed from magma that has cooled quickly

Question 3

Where and description of continental crust

Answer 3

Beneath earths continental landmasses. Under shallow seas close to continents. 35-70km thick. Granite(lighter rock)(recent to 4 billion years old)

Question 4

O-O plate divergence

Answer 4

Diverging plates: Magma rises, seeps in between the plates to fill the gap. New seafloor is formed as lava flows out onto seafloor, cools and solidifies (sea-floor spreading). This forms a mid oceanic ridge. Overtime, as more magma builds up, undersea volcanoes are formed. These eventually grow to become volcanic islands

Question 5

Example of volcanic islands

Answer 5

Azores(divergence) and Mariana islands(convergence)

Question 6

Examples of mid oceanic ridge

Answer 6

East Pacific rise (Nazca and Pacific plate) and Mid Atlantic Ridge (North A. and Eurasian plate)

Question 7

C-C divergence

Answer 7

Diverging plates: land masses break up, stretch when moved apart, causing fractures to form on the crust. A rift valley is then formed

Question 8

Example of rift valley

Answer 8

East African Rift System(Nubian and Somalian boundary of the African plate)

Question 9

O-O convergence

Answer 9

Plates converge: denser plate subducts under less dense plate(subduction zone). Depression in sea floor created(oceanic trench). Subducting plate causes mantle material above to melt(magma). Magma rises through crust to form volcanoes. A chain or arc of islands is formed

Question 10

Example of oceanic trench and volcano islands (O-O convergence)

Answer 10

Mariana twench UwU and Mariana islands(Pacific and philippine plate)

Question 11

C-C plate convergence

Answer 11

Plates converge: both collides and compresses against one another, resisting subduction(too thick for subduction to occur). Plates break and slide along fractures in the crust. The upper part of crust is compressed together, folding(upwards or sideways), form fold mountains.

Question 12

O-C convergence

Answer 12

Plates converge: dense oceanic plate subducts under continental plate. Oceanic trench is formed at subduction, buckling and folding forms fold mountains on continental plate. Subducting plate causes mantle material above to melt(magma). Magma rises through crust to form active volcanoes

Question 13

Example of fold mountains (C-C convergence)

Answer 13

Himilayas(Indian and Eurasian Plate)

Question 14

Example of oceanic trench and fold mountains (O-C convergence)

Answer 14

Sunda Trench and Barisan mountains(Eurasian and Australian Plate)

Question 15

What are transform plate boundary?

Answer 15

Transform: plates slide past each other at transform plate boundaries(results in transform faults). Tremendous stress builds up and releases as earthquakes

Question 16

Example of transform fault, elaborate

Answer 16

San Andreas Fault(SAF)(Pacific and North American plate) In 1906, an earthquake occured in San Francisco, South California of the SAF. Several hundred kilometres of North A. Plate to move 2.5 and up to 7m in less than a minute.