Gat Flashcards
What is a prefix?
A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word and modifies the meaning of the base word without changing its grammatical category.
Example: déorganiser - désorganiser, recommencer - recommencer, surproduction - surproduction.
What is a suffix?
A suffix is placed at the end of a word or its root and can modify its grammatical category.
Example: -(a)tion, -able, -ement, -isme, -iste.
What is a base word?
A base word is the word from which other words are formed.
What is a radical?
The radical is the part of the word that carries its meaning and does not change regardless of the suffix.
Example: Capital (noun) = capitalisme (noun), Organiser (verb) - organisation (noun).
What is composition in word formation?
Composition allows the formation of a word from two or more words or elements, each having its own meaning.
What is the difference between compound words and composed words?
Compound words are written with a hyphen.
What are abbreviations?
Abbreviations are shortened forms of words.
Example: Cinématographe - cinéma - ciné - cinéphile, Automobile - auto - autoradio.
What are acronyms?
An acronym is a word formed from the initials of several words, pronounced by spelling each letter according to the alphabetical pronunciation.
Example: O.N.U (Organisation des Nations Unies), C.E.D.E.A.O (Communauté Economique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest), O.M.S (Organisation Mondiale de la Santé), O.N.G (Organisation Non Gouvernementale).
What is the difference between common words and terms?
Common words are used in everyday language, while terms are used in specialized language.
What is a synonym?
Synonyms are words or expressions that have exactly the same meaning or an extremely close meaning and can replace each other in context.
Example: maison - logement - demeure - hébergement - domicile - foyer.
What should be considered when choosing a synonym?
The synonym must be chosen carefully, considering language register and context.
What is an antonym?
An antonym is a word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word.
How can antonyms be formed?
Antonyms can be formed by adding a prefix (in-, im-, ir-, dé-, il-…) or using vocabulary words that represent opposing ideas.
Example: chaud/froid, gros/mince, épais/fin, sympathique/hostile, amis/ennemis.
What is Borrowing in translation techniques?
Taking a word from the source language to the target language because there is no equivalent in that language.
Example: hamburger (from German), rendez-vous, déjà vu, cloud.
What is Calque in translation techniques?
Explaining a word in the source language directly in the target language.
Example: skyscraper - Gratte-ciel.
What is Literal translation?
A direct translation of the word, requiring the languages to be close in proximity to retain meaning. The word order must be kept.
Example: I want a cup of water - Je veux une tasse d’eau.
What is Transposition in translation techniques?
It involves a shift in the grammatical category when translating meaning from one language to another.
Example: I saw him before school started (verb) - Je l’ai vu avant la rentrée (noun).
What is Modulation in translation techniques?
A change in perspective from the source to the target language, reflecting how it is said in the target language.
Example: top floor - dernier étage.
What is Equivalent (Reformulation) in translation techniques?
Allows you to keep the meaning of an expression while maintaining its meaning in the target language.
Example: être sur son trente et un - To be dressed up to the 9th.
What is Adaptation (Cultural Substitution) in translation techniques?
An element of culture is replaced in a translation, as meaning may be lost if the cultural element in the target language is ignored.
What is Compensation in translation techniques?
It compensates the target language when certain words cannot be translated due to lack of appropriate vocabulary.
Example: tu & vous for ‘you’.
