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*Bovines * > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

Bovine git

1
Q

Fun fact

A

20 percent body weight of a cow is the rumen

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2
Q

Intake involves?

A

Prehension (grasp,seize and take hold of)-lips and tongue
Mastication
Deglutition swallowing

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3
Q

Salivation in a cow?

A 
120l of saliva in rumen  
Lubrication
Buffers 
Fluid bulk (microorganism multiplication)
Nitrogenous source 
P04 source 
Mucin-anti foaming agent 
Lipases
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4
Q

Salivation in a cow?

A 
120l of saliva in rumen  
Lubrication
Buffers 
Fluid bulk (microorganism multiplication)
Nitrogenous source 
P04 source 
Mucin-anti foaming agent 
Lipases
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5
Q

Excessive salivation treatment

A

Atropine

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6
Q

Ph of saliva

A

8.5/9

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7
Q

Excessive salivation

A

Psedoptyalism

Increased production

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8
Q

Increased production saliva

A

Inflammation of glands-irritating agents ulcers

Or cns stimulation -toxicities , rabies iatrogenic

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9
Q

Pseudoptyalism

A

Perceived increase
Anxiety crushed head clamp

Git disturbance
Inability to swallow

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10
Q

Decreased saliva prod

A

Fever
dehydration
Blocked ducts -lumpy jaw
Iatrogenic-atropine

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11
Q

Increased frothyness

A

Grinding teeth

Pain

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12
Q

Flacidity dds

A

3dss
Botulism
Listeriosis
Diplodiosis

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13
Q

Choke

A

Oesophageal obstruction

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14
Q

Vfa

A

Butyrate
propionate
Acetate lactate

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15
Q

What is hay belly?

A

Undigested roughage accumulates

Rumen overfill and dilates

Eructation contractions too weak to expel gas

Recurrent bloat.

Poor growth skeleton rough coat … hay belly
The function flora is to cellulose digestion
Need adequate protein starch cellulose

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16
Q

Digestion process if rumen

A

Anaerobic microbial fermentation

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17
Q

Amyloliytuc bacteria

A

Starch degraders

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18
Q

Amyloliytuc bacteria

A

Starch degraders

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19
Q

Rumen contractions

Mixing .

A

Presents vfa to wall for absorption

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20
Q

Eructation

A

B wave

Removes gas

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21
Q

Eructation

A

B wave

Removes gas

22
Q

Microbes produce?

A

VFA

23
Q

Rimem void syndrome

A

Empty rumen

24
Q

Rumen putrefaction

A 
Blackish green 
Foul putrid odor 
Ph -7_8
Poor microflora no.s a
And motility 
Frothy
25
Q

Tx farmer alkalosis

A

Sugar brown
Yeast
Vinegar

26
Q

3 main sources of wire

A

Fence
Feed
Lying around

27
Q

Pica

A

Aphosphorosis

28
Q

Trp

A

History of getting sick -antibiotics -relapsing usually after partus

rumen migrates to heart-chf
Ingesta leak
Peritonitis-a
Adhesions

29
Q

Garbage disease

A

Extensive low quality grazing

Aphodphorioften palpate hard mass in rumen

30
Q

Bloat

A

Excessive accumulation of gas in the rumen
Due to failure if the eructation mechanism to remove gas
NOT DUE TO EXCESSIVE GAS

31
Q

Free gas bloat .

A

If really battling relive bloat pressure

Passing a stomach tube can take time and cab compromise airway patency

32
Q

Bloat plant factors ?

A

Increased incidence when grazing lucerne or clover pastures …

33
Q

Plant factors if bloat

A

Saponins,pectins, henicellulose form a nonnuclear layer around gas bubbles.

Growth stage-lush rapid growth early bud stage

Influences by genetic factors . Increased incidence in holsteins . Especially in feedlots .

34
Q

Defaunation agents

A

Decrease incidence and severity of frothy bloat.

35
Q

Frothy bloat cs

A 
Colic/kick  get up and down 
Hind leg treading 
Projectile  vomiting 
Attempt to urinate and defecate 
Increased heart rate
Vena cava occluded 
Increased pressure in diaphragm 
Decreased lung capacity 
Dyspnoea

Hypoxia suffocation

The forth blocks cardiac

36
Q

Frothy bloat cs

A 
Colic/kick  get up and down 
Hind leg treading 
Projectile  vomiting 
Attempt to urinate and defecate 
Increased heart rate
Vena cava occluded 
Increased pressure in diaphragm 
Decreased lung capacity 
Dyspnoea

Hypoxia suffocation

The forth blocks cardiac

37
Q

Quick farmer solution for bloat whilst waiting for vet

A

In slope walk with chain in mouth to encourage saliva flow

38
Q

Free gas bloat?

A 
Oesophageal obstruction 
Extreme distension 
Exaggerated swallowing 
Drooling 
Colic 
Rapid respiration 
Increased HR
Cyanosis 
Use a stomach tube
39
Q

Feedlot bloat

A

90 percent are frothy bloats
Production of insoluble slime by bacterial species
Finely ground feed
Ruminate less… less saliva and lower ph
Happends with increased levels of grain ,less roughage time for bugs that produces slime to proliferate

40
Q

Fact

A

Blat can be one of 3 things

Oesophageal obstruction
Cardiac obstruction
Rumen wall

41
Q

Rumen acidosis is characterised by?

A 
Anorexia 
Depression 
Dehydration 
Diarrhoea 
Metabolic acidosis
42
Q

Critical periods for acidosis?

A

Weather changes. Heat cold winds

43
Q

Causes of acidosis

A 
Readily fermentable carbohydrates.  
Barley 
Wheat maize corn 
Oats 
Sorghum
44
Q

Clinical signs of acidosis

A

Rumen contents and H20 bery watery
Light yellow brown smells sour .
Ph 4/5

45
Q

Fact

A

Carbohydrates are too much and readily fermentable this causes less saliva and then a drop in ph . And in increase in the amount if Volatile fatty acids .
Lactic acid increases
Streptococcus
Lactate utilisers convert lactate into probiotic acid.

Rumen slows down stasis.

46
Q

Acidosis facts

A

Protozoa die increase in number of endotoxins can case endotoxaemia

Gram negative bacteria die 
Ph less than 5.5
Decreased thiamine production
 increase lactic acid 
Increased fermentation 
Lacate utilisers are inhibited decreased vitamins b1. 
All this then causes PEM
All this will draw H20 into rumen osmotic pull
Slushy watery and distended rumen
Dehydration happens
Then shock 
Then DEATH
47
Q

Acidosis further complications and facts

A 
Incrwasing metabolic acidosis 
Rumen stasis
Bloating 
Less vit b 1- PEN 
Bacteria die leading to release if endotoxins-endotoxaemia 
Endotoxaemia  causes laminitis 
Rumentitis -pain

Mucor mycosis causal vena cava syndrome

Hypertonic rumen - dehydration anuria nephrosis- death

48
Q

Acidosis further complications and facts

A 
Incrwasing metabolic acidosis 
Rumen stasis
Bloating 
Less vit b 1- PEN 
Bacteria die leading to release if endotoxins-endotoxaemia 
Endotoxaemia  causes laminitis 
Rumentitis -pain

Mucor mycosis causal vena cava syndrome

Hypertonic rumen - dehydration anuria nephrosis- death

49
Q

Clinpath of acidosis …chemistry too

A

Haemoconcentration
Shift ndutrophilis
Met acidosis

Cl dec
K inc
Ca dec
Bun cr inc

50
Q

Acidosis treatment

A

Mgo binds activated endotoxins
Penicillin
Warm water
Vit b1

51
Q

Acidosis treatment

A

Mgo binds activated endotoxins
Penicillin
Warm water
Vit b1

52
Q

Rumsgest or NaHCO3(sodium bicarbonate)

A

Never dose

*Bovines * (3 decks)

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