Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

abdomin/o

Answer 1

Abdomen (Abdominal pain is pain felt in the abdomen.)

Question 2

aden/o

Answer 2

Gland (Sialadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands.)

Question 3

aliment/o

Answer 3

Nourishment, food (Hyperalimentation is the process of providing more or additional nourishment.)

Question 4

amyl/o

Answer 4

Starch (Amylase is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that breaks down starches into simple sugars.)

Question 5

an/o

Answer 5

Anus (An anal fissure is a tear in the anus, the terminal portion of the digestive (GI) tract.)

Question 6

append/o, appendic/o

Answer 6

Appendix (An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix, a small projection off the cecum; appendicitis is the condition that most frequently leads to this operation.)

Question 7

bucc/o

Answer 7

Cheek (Dentists frequently administer local anesthetic into the buccal (cheek) area.)

Question 8

cec/o

Answer 8

Cecum (first segment of the large intestine) (The ileocecal junction is where the small intestine merges with the large intestine.)

Question 9

cheil/o

Answer 9

Lip(s) (Cheilitis is an inflammation of the lip.)

Question 10

cholecyst/o

Answer 10

Gallbladder (Cholecystolithiasis is the condition most commonly referred to as gallstones.)

Question 11

choled/o

Answer 11

Common Bile Duct (Choledolithotomy is the process of removing stones from the common bile duct.)

Question 12

col/o, colon/o

Answer 12

(Large) intestine, colon (A colostomy is the formation of a new opening into the colon; a colonoscopy is the process of using a lighted instrument to visualize the colon.)

Question 13

dent/i, dent/o odont/o

Answer 13

Thooth (Teeth) (A dentist is a tooth specialist.)

Question 14

duoden/o

Answer 14

Duodenum (first section of the small intestine) (Duodenal ulcers develop as a result of too much stomach acid passing from the stomach into the duodenum.)

Question 15

enter/o

Answer 15

(Small) intestine (Enteral stasis is a condition that occurs when digestion fails to take place in the small intestine.)

Question 16

epiglott/o

Answer 16

Epiglottis (Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis, the structure that closes over the trachea to prevent food from passing into the respiratory system.)

Question 17

esophag/o

Answer 17

Esophagus (food tube) (Esophageal ulcers can occur when a patient has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and acid backs up into the esophagus.)

Question 18

gastr/o

Answer 18

Stomach (A gastrectomy is partial surgical removal of the stomach.)

Question 19

gloss/o, lingu/o

Answer 19

Tongue (Ankyloglossia is a condition of being “tongue tied.”)

Question 20

hepat/o

Answer 20

Liver (Hepatitis is a viral inflammation of the liver; at least five viruses cause hepatitis.)

Question 21

ile/o

Answer 21

Ileum (last section of the small intestine) (The ileocecal junction is where the ileum joins with the first section of the large intestine, the cecum.)

Question 22

intestin/o

Answer 22

Intestine (Gastrointestinal pertains to the stomach and intestines.)

Question 23

jejun/o

Answer 23

Jejunum (second section of the small intestine) (A jejunectomy is the surgical removal of the jejunum.)

Question 24

lith/o

Answer 24

Stone, calculus (Sialolithectomy is the surgical removal of salivary stones.)

Question 25

or/o, stomat/o

Answer 25

Mouth (Oral means pertaining to the mouth.)

Question 26

pancreat/o

Answer 26

Pancreas (Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that causes the patient a good deal of pain; pancreatic secretions include amylase, lipase, and insulin.)

Question 27

periton/o

Answer 27

Peritoneum (The peritoneal cavity is lined by the peritoneum and houses the viscera.)

Question 28

pharyng/o

Answer 28

Pharynx (throat) (Oropharyngeal means “pertaining to the mouth and the throat.”)

Question 29

proct/o, rect/o

Answer 29

Rectum (A rectal examination involves digital examination of the rectum; a proctologist is a specialist in rectal diseases.)

Question 30

sial/o

Answer 30

Saliva (Sialolithiasis is a condition of having stones in a salivary (gland).)

Question 31

sigmoid/o

Answer 31

Sigmoid colon (A sigmoidectomy is the surgical removal of the sigmoid colon, part of the large intestine.)

Question 32

-ase

Answer 32

Enzyme (Amylase, protease, and lipase are all enzymes that break down food products for assimilation into the body)