Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
abdomin/o
Abdomen (Abdominal pain is pain felt in the abdomen.)
aden/o
Gland (Sialadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands.)
aliment/o
Nourishment, food (Hyperalimentation is the process of providing more or additional nourishment.)
amyl/o
Starch (Amylase is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that breaks down starches into simple sugars.)
an/o
Anus (An anal fissure is a tear in the anus, the terminal portion of the digestive (GI) tract.)
append/o, appendic/o
Appendix (An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix, a small projection off the cecum; appendicitis is the condition that most frequently leads to this operation.)
bucc/o
Cheek (Dentists frequently administer local anesthetic into the buccal (cheek) area.)
cec/o
Cecum (first segment of the large intestine) (The ileocecal junction is where the small intestine merges with the large intestine.)
cheil/o
Lip(s) (Cheilitis is an inflammation of the lip.)
cholecyst/o
Gallbladder (Cholecystolithiasis is the condition most commonly referred to as gallstones.)
choled/o
Common Bile Duct (Choledolithotomy is the process of removing stones from the common bile duct.)
col/o, colon/o
(Large) intestine, colon (A colostomy is the formation of a new opening into the colon; a colonoscopy is the process of using a lighted instrument to visualize the colon.)
dent/i, dent/o odont/o
Thooth (Teeth) (A dentist is a tooth specialist.)
duoden/o
Duodenum (first section of the small intestine) (Duodenal ulcers develop as a result of too much stomach acid passing from the stomach into the duodenum.)
enter/o
(Small) intestine (Enteral stasis is a condition that occurs when digestion fails to take place in the small intestine.)
epiglott/o
Epiglottis (Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis, the structure that closes over the trachea to prevent food from passing into the respiratory system.)
esophag/o
Esophagus (food tube) (Esophageal ulcers can occur when a patient has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and acid backs up into the esophagus.)
gastr/o
Stomach (A gastrectomy is partial surgical removal of the stomach.)
gloss/o, lingu/o
Tongue (Ankyloglossia is a condition of being “tongue tied.”)
hepat/o
Liver (Hepatitis is a viral inflammation of the liver; at least five viruses cause hepatitis.)
ile/o
Ileum (last section of the small intestine) (The ileocecal junction is where the ileum joins with the first section of the large intestine, the cecum.)
intestin/o
Intestine (Gastrointestinal pertains to the stomach and intestines.)
jejun/o
Jejunum (second section of the small intestine) (A jejunectomy is the surgical removal of the jejunum.)
lith/o
Stone, calculus (Sialolithectomy is the surgical removal of salivary stones.)
or/o, stomat/o
Mouth (Oral means pertaining to the mouth.)
pancreat/o
Pancreas (Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that causes the patient a good deal of pain; pancreatic secretions include amylase, lipase, and insulin.)
periton/o
Peritoneum (The peritoneal cavity is lined by the peritoneum and houses the viscera.)
pharyng/o
Pharynx (throat) (Oropharyngeal means “pertaining to the mouth and the throat.”)
proct/o, rect/o
Rectum (A rectal examination involves digital examination of the rectum; a proctologist is a specialist in rectal diseases.)
sial/o
Saliva (Sialolithiasis is a condition of having stones in a salivary (gland).)
sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon (A sigmoidectomy is the surgical removal of the sigmoid colon, part of the large intestine.)
-ase
Enzyme (Amylase, protease, and lipase are all enzymes that break down food products for assimilation into the body)
