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physiological systems > gastrointestinal system > Flashcards

gastrointestinal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the secretions and functions of the mouth and pharynx?

A

secretions:
- salt and water
- mucus
- amylase

functions:

  • chewing, swallowing
  • lubrication
  • lubrication
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2
Q

what are the secretions and functions of the oesophagus?

A

secretions:
- mucus
functions:
-move food to stomach
- lubrication

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3
Q

what are the secretions and functions of the stomach?

A

secretions:
- HCL
- Pepsin
- mucus
functions:
- release to intestine
- protein digestive enzyme
- kill microbes

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4
Q

what are the secretions and functions of pancreas?

A

secretions:

  • enzymes, bicarbonate
    functions:
  • digest CHO, fats, proteins
  • neutralise HCL entering small intestine
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5
Q

what are the secretions and functions of the liver?

A

secretions:
- bile salts, bicarbonate, organic waste, products, metals
functions:
- secretion of bile
- neutralise HCL entering small intestine
- elimination of faeces

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6
Q

what are the functions of the gall bladder?

A

functions:

- store and concentrate bile between meals

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7
Q

what are the secretions and functions of the small intestine?

A

secretions:
- enzymes, salt/H20, mucus
functions:
- lubrication
- food digestion
- digestion/absorption

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8
Q

what are the secretions and functions of the large intestine?

A

secretions:

  • mucus
    functions:
  • lubrication
  • absorption salt, h20
  • storage of undigested matter
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9
Q

what are the 4 major tissue layers of the GI tract wall?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscular externa
  4. serosa
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10
Q

what are the 4 processes of the GI system?

A
  1. digestion
  2. secretion
  3. absorption
  4. motility
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11
Q

what is the first process of the GI system?

A

Digestion.
mechanical breakdown= crushing and shearing by movement
chemical breakdown= hydrochloric acid and enzymes

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12
Q

what is the second process of the GI system?

A

Secretion.

  • release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers and salts
  • by epithelium of GI tract and glandular organs
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13
Q

what is the third process of the GI system?

A

Absorption.

  • movement of nutrients across epithelium into blood stream or lymph
  • active transport and transcellular transport
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14
Q

what is the fourth process of the GI system?

A

Motility.

- mixing and moving contents along the tract

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15
Q

what are the three phases of swallowing?

A
  1. buccal phase
  2. pharyngeal phase
  3. oesophageal phase
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16
Q

what is the empty volume in the stomach?

A

50ml

17
Q

how much can the stomach expand to?

A

1.5L

18
Q

what are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A
  1. cardia
  2. fundus
  3. body
  4. Pylorus/antrum
19
Q

what are the functions of the stomach? (4)

A
  1. storage of ingested food
  2. secretion of gastric juice
  3. mechanical digestion of food into chyme
  4. production of intrinsic factor
20
Q

what are the 3 phases of gastric secretion?

A
  1. Cephalic phase
  2. Gastric phase
  3. Intestinal phase
21
Q

what is the cephalic phase?

A
  • begins before food enters the stomach
  • sensory signals from CNS
  • Stimulates gastric secretions
22
Q

what is the gastric phase?

A
  • entry of food into the stomach
  • short loop reflexes
  • stimulates gastric secretions and smooth muscle contraction
23
Q

what is the intestinal phase?

A
  • entry of partially digested food into the small intestine
  • reflexes that result in hormone secretion
  • suppression of secretion and smooth muscle contraction
24
Q

what does gastric emptying depend on?

A
  • contraction of antral smooth muscle
  • opening of pyloric sphincter
  • relaxation of smooth muscle at entrance of small intestine
25
Q

what is gastric emptying regulated by?

A
  • CNS

- GI hormones

26
Q

what is gastric emptying?

A

process of food leaving the stomach and entering the small intestine

27
Q

what is the structure of the small intestine wall?

A
  • circular folds
  • villi and microvilli
  • increase surface area
28
Q

what is the Duodenum + accessory organ secretions

A

major site of enzymatic digestion

29
Q

what are the 5 pancreatic enzymes?

A
  1. lipase
  2. amylase
  3. nucleases
  4. carboxypeptidase
  5. trypsin

physiological systems (5 decks)

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