Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

GI basic function

Answer 1

bring nutrients into the internal environment

Question 2

4 main functions of the GI system

Answer 2

absorption, secretion, motility, and digestion

Question 3

which organs have stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 3

mouth, esophagus, anal canal

Question 4

Which organs have simple columnar epithelium

Answer 4

stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 5

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium

Answer 5

secretion and absorption

Question 6

4 points of unicellular goblet cells

Answer 6

columnar, goblet shaped, apical mucus granules, basal nucleus

Question 7

Two types of multicellular glands, examples

Answer 7

simple (stomach and small intestine), compound (salivary glands)

Question 8

Why do multicellular glands have increased SA

Answer 8

for more secretion

Question 9

4 layers of the gut tube

Answer 9

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa/proper, adventitia

Question 10

4 layers of the mucosa

Answer 10

epithelium, laminar propria (FCT), muscularis mucosae, sometimes glands

Question 11

What is submucosa made out of plus name the 3 parts

Answer 11

connective tissue, glands, blood vessels, submucosal nerve plexus

Question 12

Name 3 layers of muscularis externa

Answer 12

inner (circular), myenteric plexus, outer (longitudinal)

Question 13

What is ENS –

Answer 13

enteric nervous system

Question 14

What is adventitia made out of

Answer 14

FCT

Question 15

What is serosa

Answer 15

layer on the outside of the gut tube when in the peritoneal cavity

Question 16

What is the peritoneum plus the 2 layers?

Answer 16

serous membrane, parietal (along body wall), visceral (along organ wall)

Question 17

Define mesentery and omenta

Answer 17

mesentery = double layer of peritoneum organ to body wall, omenta = double layer of peritoneum organ to organ

Question 18

Where does digestion start

Answer 18

mouth

Question 19

Order of the mouth parts (3 parts)

Answer 19

fauces, oropharynx, esophagus

Question 20

3 pairs of salivary glands and what they produce

Answer 20

parotid (serous fluid wit amylase), sublingual (mucous only), submandibular (mixed)

Question 21

What is acinus and what do acinar cells secrete

Answer 21

group of cells, secrete amylase

Question 22

What do duct cells secrete and what does it do

Answer 22

bicarbonate as buffering

Question 23

What stops food form entering trachea

Answer 23

epiglottis

Question 24

What two layers are folded in the esophagus

Answer 24

mucosa and submucosa

Question 25

What layer moves food bolus

Answer 25

muscular externa

Question 26

What are the 3rd portions of muscle

Answer 26

1st = skeletal, 2nd = mixed, 3rd = smooth

Question 27

What does the esophagus use instead of goblet cells

Answer 27

glands

Question 28

what are the four parts of the stomach

Answer 28

cardial, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 29

what is the name of the part of the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through

Answer 29

esophaheal hiatus

Question 30

what does the lesser omentum connect

Answer 30

stomach to liver

Question 31

what does the greater omentum connect

Answer 31

stomach to transverse colon

Question 32

what layer is added to the gut tube in modification for the stomach

Answer 32

oblique (inner)

Question 33

what are temporary folds in the stomach wall called, and what are the two layers used to make it

Answer 33

rugae, mucosa draped over submucosa

Question 34

what does the stomach need once food has arrived (3 parts)

Answer 34

acid and enzymes for digestion, mucous for protection, hormones for regulation

Question 35

3 types of stomach cells and what they secrete, plus basic structure

Answer 35

chief cells = abundant in rER, basal nucleus, zymogen granules, secrete enzymes, parietal cells =abundant in mitochondria, an ion pump, central nucleus, secrete acid and intrinsic factor, g cells = secretes hormones (gastrin)