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ANCC Med Surg Certification Review > Gastrointestinal Review > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

The mouth includes paired glands for salivating/digesting food

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2
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

The esophagus is the throat. The esophagus grasps food and propels food forward.

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3
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

The stomach is the reservoir for food. Digestion begins in the stomach.

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4
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

The small intestine is involved in digestion and nutrient absorption.

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5
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Another name for the large intestine is the colon. The large intestine absorbs excess water and electrolytes. The large intestine stores food residue. The large intestine eliminates waste in the form of feces.

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6
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

The liver is located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen.

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7
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

The liver metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The liver synthesizes plasma proteins and vitamin A. The liver stores nutrients like iron, vitamin D, vitamin K, and B12. The liver regulates blood glucose. The liver secretes bile.

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8
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ that is located under the right lobe of the liver

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9
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile that is created by the liver. The gallbladder releases bile into common bile duct for delivery to duodenum in response to contraction and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi.

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10
Q

What is the function of bile that is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder?

A

Bile is a blue-green liquid consisting of water, cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids. Bile emulsifies and breaks down fats and promotes intestinal absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol, and other lipids.

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11
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

The pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach.

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12
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

The exocrine functions of the pancreas include:

  • secrete 1000 milliliters of digestive enzymes daily
  • vagal stimulation and release of hormones secretin and cholecystokinin control rate and amount of daily digestive enzymes
  • clustered lobes/lobules/acini or enzyme-producing cells release into pancreatic duct
  • pancreatic duct joins bile duct from gallbladder before entering the duodenum
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13
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

A

The endocrine functions of the pancreas include:

  • blood glucose stimulates the release of islets of Langerhans between acinar cells
  • beta cells secrete insulin for carbohydrate metabolism
  • alpha cells secrete glucagon which stimulates glycogenolysis
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14
Q

What are the two main functions of the GI tract?

A

Two main functions of the GI Tract are: Digestion and Absorption

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15
Q

What is included in the digestion function of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

The digestion function of the GI tract includes:

  • the mouth chewing and salivating especially in starch digestion
  • swallowing: hypophafyngeal sphincter relaxes as food enters the esophagus and mucus lubricates the bolus
  • glossopharyngeal nerve activates peristalsis
  • food travels through the cardiac sphincter and the stomach wall stretches
  • peristalsis and enzymes break down food, forming chyme
  • pyloric sphincter goes into the duodenum
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16
Q

What is involved in the absorption function of the GI tract?

A

In the absorption function of the gastrointestinal tract:

  • alcohol is absorbed from the stomach
  • small intestine absorbs carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, and electrolytes into the bloodstream
  • large intestine absorption occurs through the lymph vessels. The large intestine has no hormones or digestive enzymes and it absorbs all but 100 milliliters of remaining water. The large intestine absorbs sodium and chloride. Bacteria aids in synthesizing vitamin K and breaking down cellulose into usable carbohydrates.
17
Q

What is involved in the basic history for a gastrointestinal assessment?

A

The basic gastrointestinal history includes:

  • family history
  • chief complaint
  • medications
  • allergies
18
Q

What symptoms are included in the history part of the gastrointestinal assessment?

A

Symptoms that are included in the history part of the gastrointestinal assessment include:

  • pain
  • heartburn
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • altered bowel
19
Q

What information is included in the onset part of the history GI assessment?

A

The onset part of the history GI Assessment Includes:

  • Was the onset gradual?
  • was the onset sudden
  • what was the patient eating for doing at the onset of symptoms?
20
Q

What is included in the duration portion of the GI History Assessment?

A

The duration portion of the GI History assessment includes:

  • are the symptoms continuous?
  • are the symptoms intermittent?
  • are the symptoms related to the relationship to food?
21
Q

What is included in the quality portion of the GI History assessment?

A

The quality portion of the the physical assessment includes:

  • is the pain sharp?
  • is the pain full?
  • is the pain achy?
  • is the pain colicky?
  • does the pain include burning?
22
Q

What is included in the severity portion of the GI Physical Assessment?

A

The severity portion of the GI History assessment includes:

  • scale of 1 to 10 pain
  • do the symptoms interfere with ADLs?
23
Q

What is included in the location portion of the GI History Assessment?

A

The location portion of the GI History Assessment Include:

  • are the symptoms localized or radiating?
  • where are the symptoms located?
24
Q

What are included in the precipitating factors of symptoms within the GI History Assessment?

A

The precipitating factors involved in the gastrointestinal history assessment include:
- did the symptoms occur after eating or drinking certain foods/items

25
Q

What is involved in the alleviating factors of the gastrointestinal history assessment?

A

The alleviating factors involved in the gastrointestinal history assessment include:

  • did any over the counter medications alleviate the symptoms?
  • did ant prescribed medications alleviate the symptoms?
26
Q

What are included in the associated symptoms within a Gastrointestinal history assessment?

A

Associated symptoms included in the gastrointestinal history assessment include:

  • appetite
  • dry heaves
  • flatulence/gas
  • bloating
  • weight gain or loss
  • alcohol consumption
27
Q

What is the order in which the abdomen should be examined?

A

The order for the abdomen physical examination include:

  • inspection
  • auscultation
  • percussion
  • palpation
28
Q

What are the symptoms involved in an acute abdominal problem?

A

The acronym for an acute abdominal issue is: FLAVARR

  • F: Fever
  • L: Leukocytosis
  • A: Abdominal pain
  • V: Vomiting
  • A: Abdominal distention
  • R: Rigid
  • R: Rebound
29
Q

What organs are located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?

A

The right upper quadrant of the abdomen include:

-

ANCC Med Surg Certification Review (2 decks)

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