Gastrointestinal Oncology Flashcards
What is familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome that predisposes patients to colorectal cancers. FAP is characterized by the growth of hundreds of polyps in the colonic mucosa. Polyps may also proliferate in the stomach and small bowel, and patients may have congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium; desmoid tumors; osteomas; and facial or dental anomalies. Prophylactic colectomy protects affected persons from developing colon cancer. Because of the dominant inheritance of the disease, screening of family members with endoscopy or virtual colonoscopy is strongly recommended.
The tumor suppressor gene APC, a negative regulator of the beta-catenin/WNT pathway is associated with FAP.
What is a desmoid tumor?
A desmoid tumor is a very tough and firm fibroma.
What is Gardner syndrome?
Gardner syndrome is a polyposis syndrome that is characterized by familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with osseous and soft tissue tumors (eg, osteomas of the skull or mandible), congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, and impacted or supernumerary teeth.
What is Lynch syndrome?
Lynch syndrome is autosomal dominant predisposition to colon cancer and other solid tumors. People with Lynch I syndrome are susceptible to colon cancer alone; those with Lynch II syndrome have an additional tendency to get cancers of the colon, ovaries, breast, and/or uterus.
Lynch syndrome is synonymous with hereditary no polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
Lynch syndrome is associated with mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1 and MSH2.
What is hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)?
Hereditary no polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is synonymous with Lynch syndrome.
What is an adenoma?
An adenoma is a benign tumor made of epithelial cells, usually arranged like a gland.
What is a carcinoma?
A carcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue and may infiltrate local tissues or produce metastases.
What is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)?
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cancer antigen used as a marker for gastrointestinal tract tumors and tumors os solid internal organs.
What is FOLFOX?
FOLFOX is a chemotherapy that contains the drugs leucovorin calcium (folinic acid), fluorauracil, and oxaliplatin.
FOL = Leucovorin Calcium (Folinic Acid)
F - Fluorouracil
FOX - Oxaliplatin
What is CAPOX?
CAPOX is a chemotherapy that contains the drugs capecitabine and oxaliplatin.
CAP = Capecitabine
OX = Oxaliplatin
What is FOLFIRI?
FOLFIRI is a chemotherapy that contains the drugs leucovorin calcium (folinic acid), fluorauracil, and irinotecan.
FOL = Leucovorin Calcium (Folinic Acid)
F - Fluorouracil
IRI = Irinotecan
What is Turcot syndrome?
Turcot syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndrome in which multiple colonic polyps are found in conjunction with malignant brain tumors.
