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LC Gastroenterology Week 4 > Gastrointestinal infections (needs updated with new lecture) > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal infections (needs updated with new lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of diarrhoea?

A

3 of more loose stools in 24 hours

Unformed stool - doesnt hold shape

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2
Q

What chart do you use to analyse poo?

A

Bristol stool chart

Type 1- separate hard lumps (hard to pass)
Type 7 - entirely liquid/watery

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3
Q

What is food poisoning?

A

illness caused by eating food contaminated with micro organisms, toxins, poisons etc

(bacteria, viruses, parasites)

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4
Q

What symptoms do people usually have if they have food poisoning?

A

Diarrhoea, abdo pain, vomiting

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5
Q

What organisms cause short (1-6) hours of food poisoning?

A

Staph aureus - cream cakes

Bacillus cereus - rice

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6
Q

Describe scombroid posisoning?

A

Dark meat (tinned tuna)
Instant reaction
Massive hypersensitivity reaction

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7
Q

What organisms cause medium (12-48) hours of food poisoning?

A

Salmonella / C.Perfringens

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8
Q

What organisms cause long (2-14) days of food poisoning?

A

Campylobacter

E.Coli

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9
Q

What is the most common organism to cause food poisoning?

A

Campylobacter - usually self limiting

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10
Q

What organisms can cause outbreaks?

A

Salmonella

E.Coli 0157

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11
Q

Describe Staph. Aureus as an organism of food poisoning?

A

1-6 hour incubation
Associated with cream cakes (dairy)

Acts on com centre in brain
Vomiting/abdo pain

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12
Q

Describe Bacillus cereus as an organism of food poisoning?

A

1-6 hour incubation
Rice

Heat resistant spores
Starchy foods
Profuse vomiting

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13
Q

Describe campylobacter - what food can cause it?

A

Poultry and raw milk

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14
Q

What symptoms might you get with campylobacter?

A

Abdo pain

Bloody bowel

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15
Q

Describe what foods might cause salmonella?

A

Poultry, meat, raw eggs

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16
Q

What symptoms might you get with salmonella?

A

D+V
Blood
Fever

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17
Q

Describe serogrouping of salmonellae?

A

Groups B,C and D are most common locally

Can help pinpoint the source of infection
Useful of detecting outbreaks/contact tracing

18
Q

What does enterohaemorrhagic E.Coli produce (E.Coli 0157)?

A

One of more cytokines

Shia-like toxins are the new name for verotoxins

19
Q

Describe what foods you might get E.Coli from?

A

Beef, raw milk, water

has a low infectious dose

20
Q

How is E.coli spread?

A

Person to person - direct and indirect

animal contract

21
Q

What symptoms might you see in E.COli 0157?

A

Blood diarrhoea

22
Q

What is the incubation period for E.Coli 0157?

A

2-14 days

23
Q

What do the shiva-like/verotoxins that enterohaemorrhagic E.Coli produce do?

A

Bind to receptors found on renal cells, RBC and others - inhibit protein synthesis, cause cell death

24
Q

What might be a complication of E.Coli 0157?

A

Haemolytic Uraemia Syndrome (HUS)

25
Q

Describe the presentation of HUS?

A

Abdo pain
Fever
Pallor

Blood diarrhoea

High WBC
Low platelets
Low HB

26
Q

What investigations might you do for HUS?

A

Stool sample
Bloods

NO ANTIITOICS
NO ANTI-MOTILITY
NO NSAIDS

27
Q

What things might cause clinical suspicion of E.Coli 0157?

A

Private drinking water
Burgers
Unpasteurised dairy products
Contract with suspected/confirmed cases

28
Q

What cases must you notify the health protection unit?

A

E.Coli 0157

HPU

29
Q

Describe rotavirus - who gets it how does it spread?

A

Commonest cause of D and V in <3yrs
Most have it before 5
Person-person
Faecal oral

30
Q

What are the symptoms and how long does rotavirus last?

A 
Diarrhoea - NO BLOOD 
Vomiting 
Mod fever 
Self limiting 
Lasts a week
31
Q

What does rotavirus affect and thus cause dehydration?

A

Affects absorption and secretion in the bowel

32
Q

What might be a complication in children of rotavirus?

A

Post infection malabsorption which can lead to more diarrhoea

33
Q

How do you diagnose rotavirus?

A

PCR of faeces

34
Q

How do you treat rotavirus?

A

Hydration - oral is poss

35
Q

What vaccine is available for rotavirus?

A

Oral live attenuated vaccine

2 doses at age 2 and 3 months

36
Q

Describe norovirus - who gets it and how is it spread?

A

All ages can get it
HIGHLY INFECTIOUS

Faecal oral/droplets
Person to person (or on contaminated food/water)

37
Q

What are the symptoms of norovirus?

A

Usually asymptomatic for 2 days

Abrupt and sudden explosive D+V (can lead to widespread contamination)

38
Q

How long does norovirus usually last for?

A

2-4 days

39
Q

How do you diagnose norovirus?

A

PCR on stool or vomit

40
Q

How do you treat norovirus?

A

Hydration

ward closure/isolation

LC Gastroenterology Week 4 (9 decks)

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