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GASTROINTESTINAL- Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic structures that come from Foregut

A

Pharynx to duodenum

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2
Q

Structures that come from Midgut

A

Duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse Colon

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3
Q

Which structures come from Hindgut

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

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4
Q

How are the developmental defects of anterior abdominal wall calssified?

A

Rostral fold clossure
Lateral fold clossure
Caudal fold clossure

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5
Q

What does Rostral fold clossure defects lead to?

A

Sternal defects

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6
Q

What does Lateralfold clossure defects lead to?

A

Omphalocele, gastroschisis

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7
Q

What does Caudal fold clossure defects lead to?

A

Bladder exstrophy

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8
Q

Which disease is associated to Duodenal atresia?

A

Trisomy 21

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9
Q

How is Duodenal atresia suspected?

A

Failure to recanalize

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10
Q

Reason of Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia

A

Due to vascular accident

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11
Q

How else is Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia known?

A

Apple peel atresia

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12
Q

How is the midgut development?

A

6th week- midgut herniates through umbilical ring

10th week- returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around SMA

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13
Q

During the midgut development, when does midgut herniates through umbilical ring?

A

During 6th week

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14
Q

During Midgut development, when does it returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around SMA?

A

By the 10th week

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15
Q

Possible pathologies during GI development

A

Malrotation of midgut
Intestinal atresia or Stenosis
Volvulus

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16
Q

What is Gastroschisis?

A

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds; not covered by peritoneum

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17
Q

What is Omphalocele?

A

Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum

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18
Q

Which is the most common tracheoesophageal anomalie?

A

Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (85%)

19
Q

How you suspect Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Results in drooling, choking and vomiting with first feeding

20
Q

What is the result of tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Allows air to enter stomach

21
Q

What is seen in tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Trachea Allows air to enter stomach (seen in CXR)

22
Q

Which is the secondary event due to Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Cyanosis is secondary to laryngospasm

23
Q

Which is the reason of laryngospasm in Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula ?

A

To avoid reflux related aspiration

24
Q

Clinical test for Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Failure to pass nasogastric tube into stomach

25
Tracheoesophageal anomalies
Pure Esophageal atresia (atreia or stenosis) Pure Tracheoesophageal fistula (H type) Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula
26
Which is the H type Tracheoesophageal anomaly?
Pure Tracheoesophageal
27
What happens in H type Tracheoesophageal anomalies?
Just a fistula alone
28
Findings in pure Esophageal Atresia
CXR shows gasless abdomen
29
What could be the effect of Hypertrophy of pylorus?
Obstruction
30
During physical exploration what is identified in Hypertrophy of the pylorus?
Palpable "olive" mass in epigastric region
31
Characteristics of vomiting in hypertrophy of the pylorus
Nonbilious projectile vomiting
32
When is commonly identified hypertrophy of the pylorus?
2-6 weeks old
33
Which is the treatment for hypertrophy of the pylorus?
Surgical incision
34
Incidence of hypertrophy of the pylorus
1/600 live births, more often in firstborn males
35
Where does Pancreas derived from?
From foregut
36
Who contributes to the pancreas head and main pancreatic duct?
Ventral pancreatic buds
37
Which structures are derived from Ventral pancreatic buds?
pancreas head and main pancreatic duct
38
How is uncinate process formed?
By the ventral bud alone
39
Structures derived from dorsal pancreatic bud
Body, tail, isthmus and accesory pancreatic duct
40
Physiopathology of Annular pancreas
Ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum
41
Possible complication of Annular pancreas
Forms a ring of pancreatic tissue that may cause duodenal narrowing
42
What is the pancreas divisum? When does it possible occur?
Ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks
43
From what does Spleen arises?
Arises in mesentery of stomach (hence is mesodermal)
44
Who supplies the spleen?
Supplied by foregut (celiac artery)

GASTROINTESTINAL (5 decks)

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