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GASTROINTESTINAL > GASTROINTESTINAL- Embryology > Flashcards

GASTROINTESTINAL- Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic structures that come from Foregut

A

Pharynx to duodenum

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2
Q

Structures that come from Midgut

A

Duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse Colon

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3
Q

Which structures come from Hindgut

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

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4
Q

How are the developmental defects of anterior abdominal wall calssified?

A

Rostral fold clossure
Lateral fold clossure
Caudal fold clossure

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5
Q

What does Rostral fold clossure defects lead to?

A

Sternal defects

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6
Q

What does Lateralfold clossure defects lead to?

A

Omphalocele, gastroschisis

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7
Q

What does Caudal fold clossure defects lead to?

A

Bladder exstrophy

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8
Q

Which disease is associated to Duodenal atresia?

A

Trisomy 21

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9
Q

How is Duodenal atresia suspected?

A

Failure to recanalize

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10
Q

Reason of Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia

A

Due to vascular accident

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11
Q

How else is Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia known?

A

Apple peel atresia

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12
Q

How is the midgut development?

A

6th week- midgut herniates through umbilical ring

10th week- returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around SMA

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13
Q

During the midgut development, when does midgut herniates through umbilical ring?

A

During 6th week

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14
Q

During Midgut development, when does it returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around SMA?

A

By the 10th week

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15
Q

Possible pathologies during GI development

A

Malrotation of midgut
Intestinal atresia or Stenosis
Volvulus

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16
Q

What is Gastroschisis?

A

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds; not covered by peritoneum

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17
Q

What is Omphalocele?

A

Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum

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18
Q

Which is the most common tracheoesophageal anomalie?

A

Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (85%)

19
Q

How you suspect Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Results in drooling, choking and vomiting with first feeding

20
Q

What is the result of tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Allows air to enter stomach

21
Q

What is seen in tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Trachea Allows air to enter stomach (seen in CXR)

22
Q

Which is the secondary event due to Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

Cyanosis is secondary to laryngospasm

23
Q

Which is the reason of laryngospasm in Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula ?

A

To avoid reflux related aspiration

24
Q

Clinical test for Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Failure to pass nasogastric tube into stomach

25
Q

Tracheoesophageal anomalies

A

Pure Esophageal atresia (atreia or stenosis)
Pure Tracheoesophageal fistula (H type)
Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula

26
Q

Which is the H type Tracheoesophageal anomaly?

A

Pure Tracheoesophageal

27
Q

What happens in H type Tracheoesophageal anomalies?

A

Just a fistula alone

28
Q

Findings in pure Esophageal Atresia

A

CXR shows gasless abdomen

29
Q

What could be the effect of Hypertrophy of pylorus?

A

Obstruction

30
Q

During physical exploration what is identified in Hypertrophy of the pylorus?

A

Palpable “olive” mass in epigastric region

31
Q

Characteristics of vomiting in hypertrophy of the pylorus

A

Nonbilious projectile vomiting

32
Q

When is commonly identified hypertrophy of the pylorus?

A

2-6 weeks old

33
Q

Which is the treatment for hypertrophy of the pylorus?

A

Surgical incision

34
Q

Incidence of hypertrophy of the pylorus

A

1/600 live births, more often in firstborn males

35
Q

Where does Pancreas derived from?

A

From foregut

36
Q

Who contributes to the pancreas head and main pancreatic duct?

A

Ventral pancreatic buds

37
Q

Which structures are derived from Ventral pancreatic buds?

A

pancreas head and main pancreatic duct

38
Q

How is uncinate process formed?

A

By the ventral bud alone

39
Q

Structures derived from dorsal pancreatic bud

A

Body, tail, isthmus and accesory pancreatic duct

40
Q

Physiopathology of Annular pancreas

A

Ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum

41
Q

Possible complication of Annular pancreas

A

Forms a ring of pancreatic tissue that may cause duodenal narrowing

42
Q

What is the pancreas divisum? When does it possible occur?

A

Ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks

43
Q

From what does Spleen arises?

A

Arises in mesentery of stomach (hence is mesodermal)

44
Q

Who supplies the spleen?

A

Supplied by foregut (celiac artery)

GASTROINTESTINAL (5 decks)

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