Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GP Matrix > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pertinent epi for rotavirus?

A

Children
Childcare workers
F/O route + respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Norovirus?

A 
Adults
Cruise ships
Winter
Aged care
Shellfish
F/O route only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Adenovirus?

A

Infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pertinent epi for ETEC?

A

Bali belly (travellers diarrhoea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pertinent signs for EHEC?

A

HUS, Purpuric skin rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Capylobacter?

A

Milk
Farm
Bird droppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pertinent epi for salmonella?

A

Chicken / eggs

Developing country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Shigella?

A

Brothels
MSM
HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Cholera?

A

Shellfish

Contaminated water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pertinent epi for C.Diff?

A

Post Abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the pertinent epi for C. perfringens?

A

Inadequately heated meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Yesrsinia?

A

Pork
Milk
Developing country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pertinent epi for B.Cereus?

A

Undercooked / refrigerated rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pertinent epi for S. Aureus?

A

Old / unrefrigerated food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Listeria?

A

Pregnant
Cheese
Unpasteurised milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Giardia?

A

Contaminated water / lake

Russia?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pertinent epi for Entamoeba?

A

Trophozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pertinent epi for crypto-sporidium?

A 
Children
Immunocompromised
Contaminated water
Farm animals
Berries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What bugs cause dysentery?

A 
CHESSY
Campylobacter
Ecoli (EHEC, EIEC)
Histolytica
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which bugs cause rapid onset gastro (toxin)?

A

B. Cereus

S Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the causes of pancreatitis?

A

I GET SMASHED

Idiopathic

Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma

Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune (SLE, Chrons)
Scorpion
Hyperlipidaemia
ERCP
Drugs (NSAID, Erythromycin, sulfasalazine, metronidazole)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the typical history findings in acute pancreatitis?

A 
Epigastric pain +++
Radiates to back
Relieved by foetal position
Worse lying down
N+V (retching)
Fevers
Steatorrhea
Weight loss
23
Q

What are possible exam findings in acute pancreatitis?

A

Ecchymoses (Grey-turner- flank, cullen- umbilical, Fox’s- inguinal)
Epigastric tenderness
Haemodynamic instability

24
Q

What are the Atlanta criteria for diagnosis of pancreatitis?

A

2 of Pain, Lipase, or Radiographic features

Serum lipase >3x ULN
US: Gallstones, hyperechoic pancreas, peripancreatic fluid
CT: Enlarged + oedematous, Fat stranding, Splenic vein thrombosis

25
Q

What is the management for acute pancreatitis in the GP setting?

A

Assess hydration state + Hypotension
Analgesia + antiemetics
Send to hospital for management
(Abx, Tazocin IV, or Ceftriaxone

26
Q

What are the complications of acute pancreatitis?

A 
Splenic vein thrombosis
Renal failure
SIRs
Pancreatic phlegmon --> pseudocyst --> necrosis --> abscess
APO
Ileus
27
Q

What are the signs of peritonitis?

A

Rebound tenderness
Washboard rigidity
Involuntary guarding

28
Q

What is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol

29
Q

What vitamins are deficient in chronic pancreatitis?

A

ADEK

30
Q

What are the complications of chronic pancreatitis?

A 
Exocrine insufficiency
Diabetes mellitus
Pancreatic calcification
Duct obstruction
Low trauma fractures (low BMD)
Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cysts
31
Q

What is the management of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Pancreatic enzymes +/- pancreatectomy

32
Q

What is the pathogenesis of diverticular disease?

A

Occur when the vasa recta penetrate the muscularis propria, an anatomical weak spot.

Compression at the weak spot causes outpouching and the superficiality of vasa recta causes bleeding

Retained faecal matter increases infection risk

33
Q

What is the typical history in diverticulitis?

A 
Blood in stool
N/V
Fever
Anorexia
LLQ pain (RLQ in asian)
Worse with food
Bowel changes
Urinary frequency + urgency
Peritonitis
Obstructive symptoms
34
Q

What are the complications of Diverticulitis?

A 
Fistulae
CRC
Abscess
Peritonism
Stricture
Obstruction
35
Q

What investigation is diagnostic for diverticulitis?

A

Abdo CT woth PO and IV contrast (looks at obstruction and ischaemia)

  • sigmoid diverticular with thickened walls
  • Inflammation in pericolic fat
  • Abscess, obstruction

Colonoscopy at 6W

36
Q

What is the management of uncomplicated Diverticulitis?

A

Augmentin

Lifestyle modifications

37
Q

What is the management for complicated Diverticulitis?

A

Amoxycillin+Gentamycin+Metronidazole
(Gentamycin+clindamycin if allergic)

Send to ED for surgical assessment

38
Q

What are the risk factors for PUD?

A

NSAIDs
H.Pyori

Bisphosphonates
Glucocorticoids
Stress
Zolinger-ellisons (gastrin secreting tumour)

39
Q

What is the typical history for PUD?

A 
Epigastric burning pain
Pointing sign
Food-provoked (gastric)
2-5h after meal (duodenal)
N/V
Weight loss
40
Q

What are the complications of PUD?

A

Bleeding
Perforation
outlet obstruction

41
Q

What is the management of PUD

A

Send to hospital (ACUTE)
Pantaprazole IV
Erythromycin IV
Endoscopy

(CHRONIC)
Oral pantaprazole
Iron supplementation
H.pylori testing
Counsel about NSAIDS, Smoking, alcohol
Repeat endoscopy in 6W
42
Q

What are the risk factors for GORD?

A 
Hiatus hernia
Scleroderma
Obesity
Drugs (SM relaxants, anticholinergics, nitrates, CCB, theophyline)
Diet
Pregnancy
Stress
43
Q

What is the aetiology of GORD?

A 
Hypotension of the LES
Hiatus hernia
Oesophageal dysmotility
Gastric acid hypersecretion
Delayed gastric emptying
44
Q

What is the typical history for GORD?

A 
Heartburn+epigastric pain
Worse after food
Worse lying down
Dry cough
Nausea
Bloating
45
Q

What are the complications of GORD?

A

Oesophagitis
Barrett’s
Adenocarcinoma

46
Q

What is the management of GORD?

A

Lifestyle ***
Pharm: Antacids, PPI
Surgical: Nissen fundoplication

47
Q

What is the main investigation for GORD?

A

PPI trial

gastroscopy for Barrett’s

48
Q

What are the key differences between UC and Chron’s on HISTORY?

A 
UC= mucous in diarrhoea
Chron's= B12 deficiency, mouth ulcers, perianal disease, RLQ pain
49
Q

What are the histopathological features of Chron’s?

A 
Transmural inflammation
Skip lesions
Whole GI tract
Fat wrapping
Cobblestone appearance --> linear ulcers
Crypt abscesses
Fissures
Fistulas
Strictures
50
Q

What are the histopathological features of UC?

A 
Mucosal inflammation
Continuous with clearly demarcated end
Confined to the colon
Loss of Haustra
Pseudopolyps
Crypt abscess
51
Q

What are the extra intestinal manifestations of Chron’s and UC

A

BOTH:
Anterior uveitis, scleritis
Erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum

Chrons
Gallstones, kidney stones

UC
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Ankylosing spondylitis

52
Q

What is the medical management of Chron’s

A

Induction of remission:
Steroids
Maintenance:
MTX, azathioprine

53
Q

What is the medical management of UC?

A

Acute flares:
Steroids

Induction of remission:
5-ASA (tacrolimus)

Maintenance of remission:
5-ASA (tacrolimus)

GP Matrix (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions