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Anatomy Spot Check Year 1 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

All but one tongue muscles are innervated by the _______

A

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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2
Q

All of the tongue muscles are innervated by _____, except the ______, which is innervated by _____.

A

All of the tongue muscles are innervated by CNXII (hypoglossal), except the palatoglossus which is innervated by CNX (vagus)

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3
Q

The palatoglossus is innervated by the ________

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

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4
Q

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are innervated by _______

A

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve (CNX)

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5
Q

The external layer of pharyngeal muscle

A

Constrictor muscles

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6
Q

Inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are innervated by

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CNX (vagus)

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7
Q

True/False: Stylopharyngeus is one of two muscles innervated by CNIX

A

False
Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by CNIX

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8
Q

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by ______

A

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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9
Q

______ is the only muscle innervated by CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

A

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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10
Q

Nerves involved in the gag reflex

A

Sensory Limb- CNIX (glossopharyngeal)
Motor Limb- CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CNX (vagus)

Summary: Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve are involved

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11
Q

Nerve(s) in gag reflex sensory limb

A

CNIX (Glossopharyngeal)

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12
Q

Nerve(s) in gag reflects motor limb

A

CNIX (Glossopharyngeal) and CNX (Vagus nerve)

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13
Q

Nerve(s) that supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

General sensory- CNV3 (trigeminal nerve- mandibular nerve)
Special sensory (taste) - CNVII (facial nerve)

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14
Q

Nerve(s) that supply the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

General and special sensory- CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the jaw closing and opening innervated by?

A

CNV3
The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

True/False: the mandibular nerve Innervates jaw muscles opening and closing?

A

True

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17
Q

True/False: The mandibular nerve is a division of the trochlear cranial nerve.

A

False
CNV3 (mandibular) is a division of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

List the muscles involved in Jaw Closing

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial ptyergoid

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19
Q

List the muscles involved in Jaw Opening

A

Lateral ptyergoid

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20
Q

Pterygoid plates are part of the _______

A

Pterygoid plates are part of the sphenoid bone

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21
Q

Describe appendicitis pain

A

Dull ache around the umbilicus, which then moves to become a sharp localised pain in the RIF as it irritates the parietal peritoneum.

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22
Q

Appendix: foregut? hindgut? or midgut?

A

Midgut organ

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23
Q

Nerves in the parasympathetic innervation of the GI Tract

A

Vagus nerve and Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2, S3, S4)

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24
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the descending colon to the anal canal

A

Pelvic Splanchnic nerve (S2, S3, S4)

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25
Parasympathetic innervation up to the distal end of the transverse colon
Vagus nerve
26
Is the Liver intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
27
Parasympathetic/Sympathetic nerves synapse indirectly/directly onto cells of the adrenal gland
Sympathetic nerves synapse directly onto cells of the adrenal gland
28
List the visceral afferent nerves fibres of the gut
T6-T9 Foregut T8-T12 Midgut T10-L2 Hingut
29
Visceral afferent nerves of the foregut
T6-T9
30
Visceral afferent nerves of the midgut
T8-T12
31
Visceral afferent nerves of the hindgut
T10-L2
32
Function of gallbladder
Stores AND concentrates bile
33
1st branch of Abdominal aorta
Coeliac trunk
34
Branch of the abdominal aorta at T12 level
Coeliac trunk
35
What does the coeliac trunk supply?
The organs of the foregut
36
The ______ is the 1st branch of the abdominal aorta, at ____ level, and supplies the organs of the ______
The coeliac trunk is the 1st branch of the abdominal aorta, at T12 level, and supplies the organs of the foregut
37
Which artery has a very tortuous course?
Splenic artery
38
Where does the splenic artery run in relation to the pancreas?
Along the superior border of the pancreas
39
_____ runs a very torturous course, running alongside the ______ border of the ______
The splenic artery runs a very tortuous course, running alongside the superior border of the pancreas
40
The majority of bilirubin production occurs in the _____
Liver
41
The spleen breaks down _____ to produce ______
The spleen breaks down red blood cells to produce bilirubin (Most bilirubin production happens in the liver however)
42
Which ribs protect the spleen
Ribs 7-11
43
Describe the blood supply to the stomach
Right and left gastric arteries Right and left gastro-omental arteries
44
Blood supply to stomach- where do the gastric arteries come from
Right gastric artery- from hepatic artery Left gastric artery- from coeliac trunk
45
Blood supply to stomach- where do the gastro-omental arteries come from
RIght - from gastro-dundenal branch of hepatic artery Left - from splenic artery
46
The liver lies deep to ribs _____
The liver lies deep to ribs 7-11
47
Name the 4 lobes of the liver
Right, left, caudate, quadrate
48
Blood supply to the gallbladder
Cystic artery
49
Elements of the portal triad
Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and common bile duct
50
Bile duct joins the _____ duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla
Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla
51
_____ duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla
Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla
52
Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ________
Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla
53
______ duct joins the _____ duct to form the ampulla of ______
Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla
54
What causes jaundice
Increase in blood levels of bilirubin
55
Main blood supply to the pancreas
Pancreatic branches of splenic artery
56
Blood supply to the pancreas
Pancreatic branches of splenic artery And superior + inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
57
Where does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?
Gastroduodenal branch of hepatic artery
58
Where does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?
SMA (superior mesenteric artery)
59
Duodenum 4 parts retro/intraperitoneal?
The first part- intraperitoneal Other 3 parts- retroperitoneal
60
Are the paracolic gutters part of the greater or lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity
The paracolic gutters are part of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity
61
Where is the appendicular orifices
Posterior medial wall of the caecum, 1/3rd of the way between right ASIS and the umbilicus
62
Which landmark matches with the appendicular orifices
McBurney's point
63
Posterior medial wall of the caecum, 1/3rd of the way between right ASIS and the umbilicus- what is this describing
Appendicular orifices (also corresponds to McBurney's point)
64
Abdominal aorta bifurcates into common iliacs at ___
L4 level
65
The main arterial anastomosis in the large intestine is called the ______
Marginal artery of Drummond
66
Blood supply to rectum and anal canal
Superior rectal artery Middle and inferior rectal arteries
67
Blood supply to rectum and anal canal (Hindgut part)
Superior rectal artery
68
Blood supply to rectum and anal canal (Somatic part- below pectinate line)
Middle and inferior rectal arteries
69
Where does the superior rectal artery come from
IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)
70
Where do the middle and inferior rectal arteries come from?
Internal iliac arteries
71
When does the somatic part of the rectum and anal canal start?
Pectinate line
72
3 important sites of portal-systemic anastomoses
-Distal end of oesophagus -Skin around the umbilicus -Rectum/anal canal
73
Pelvic floor
Levator ani muscle
74
When does the sigmoid colon become rectum
Rectosigmoid junction, anterior to S3
75
When does the rectum become the anal canal
Anterior to the tip of the coccyx
76
3 muscles associated with levator ani
iliococcygeus pubococcygeus puborectalis
77
Nerve supply to the levator ani
A branch of the sacral plexus, S3, S4 Pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
78
Pudendal nerve ____ contraction of the ____ anal sphincter
Pudendal nerve stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincter
79
What does the pudenal nerve do to the external anal sphincters
Stimulates contraction of external anal sphincters
80
Which nerve stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincters
Pudendal nerve
81
_____ keeps the pelvis off the floor
S2, 3, 4 (Pudendal nerve)
82
The pudendal nerve exits the pelvis via the _______ and enters the peritoneum through the _____
The pudendal nerve exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and enters the peritoneum through the lesser sciatic foramen
83
Above the pectinate line: Nerve supply type
Autonomic
84
Above the pectinate line: Arterial supply
Inferior Mesenteric
85
Above the pectinate line: Venous drainage
Portal system via IMV
86
Above the pectinate line: Lymphatic drainage
IM node
87
Below the pectinate line: Nerve supply type
Somatic, pudendal
88
Below the pectinate line: Arterial supply
Internal iliac
89
Below the pectinate line: Venous drainage
Systematic system via internal iliac
90
Below the pectinate line: Lymphatic Drainage
!Superficial inguinal nodes!
91
Ischioanal fossae lie _____ of the anal canal
Ischioanal fossae lie on either side of the anal canal
92
What lies on either side of the anal canal
Ischioanal fossae
93
What does bile travel through from the liver
Common hepatic duct
94
Where does the common hepatic duct transport bile from
Liver
95
What does bile travel through from the gallbladder?
Cystic duct
96
The common hepatic duct and cystic duct form the ______
Common bile duct

Anatomy Spot Check Year 1 (3 decks)

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