Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Factors affecting bowel elimination
Medications, surgery and anesthesia, developmental, psychological variables, daily patterns, activity and muscle tone, lifestyle.
Describe characteristics of school
Frequency, volume, color, odor, consistency, shape, constituents
Understand diagnostic tests related to the gi system
Stool culture- infection
Occult bleeding- bleeding
Endoscopy- direct visualization of body organs
EGD= esophagus, stomach and duodenum
Colonoscopy= large intestine from the anus to the ileocecal valve.
Sigmoidoscopy= sigmoid colon, rectum and the anal canal
Cat scan- contrast used to visualize structures
Enema
Introduction of solution into the larger intestine to remove feces or administer meds.
Avoid in myelosuppressed.
Sigmoid colostomy
Usually located on left lower side of abdomen.
Stool will be mostly formed.
Descending colostomy
In between transverse and sigmoid
Transverse colostomy
In between ascending and descending
Ascending colostomy
Most of large intestine is bypassed.
Stool will be liquid since there is a small portion of large intestine to reabsorb water.
Contains digestive enzymes that can be caustic to skin.
Ileostomy
End portion of small intestine.
Usually located on right side.
Drains large amount of stool.
Liquid stool.
Urostomy
Created when the bladder is not functioning.
Ostomy care
Measure stoma and cut opening 1/8 larger than the stoma.
Empty bag when is about 1/2 - 1/3 full.
Importance of documentation in regards to the gi system
Date and time it was changed, characteristics and appearance of stoma.
Ostomy complications
Prolapse- telescoping of the bowel.
Retraction- stoma goes below skin level.
Necrosis- impaired blood flow, tissue death.
Stenosis- narrowing of the stoma
Hernia- intestine protrudes into an area of weakness.
Excoriation- contact dermatitis.
