Gastrointestinal Flashcards
What is dyspepsia?
(Indigestion/heart burn)pain in upper GIT that is commonly associated with food
heart burn - acid moves into oesophagus
indigestion - too much acid in stomach
What are the signs of dyspepsia?
Burning sensation that is worse when laying down, pain
When should you refer cases of dyspepsia?
Blood in stools or vomit, unintentional weight loss and pain radiating to arms
What is the timescale for referral for dyspepsia?
1 week
What advise could you give to someone suffering from dyspepsia?
Small amounts regularly, avoid eating late, avoid: fatty, spicy, alcohol, eat sitting, weight, smoking, exercise
What products would you recommend for dyspepsia?
Antacids e.g calcium(neutralise). alginates(protect the lining)
H2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor shouldn’t be be given to pregnant women
What is vomiting (paediatric)?
Forceful ejection of stomach contents
What are the red flag symptoms?
If the child is less than 2, blood in vomit duration of more than 48 hours
What is the timescale for referral for vomiting
48 hours for adults
Straightway if less than 2 years
What advice would you give to someone with vomiting ?
Sips of water, small Hz high carb, avoid trigger foods
What treatment is available for vomiting?
Hyoscine, antihistamines(cinnarizine, promethazine) and oral rehydration therapy
What is constipation(pregnancy)?
Movement of stool through GIT impaired - water absorbed from it making it harder and more compacted.
Can occur in pregnant women
What are the red flag symptoms of constipation?
Bowel habit change >2w, blood, abdominal pain and vomiting.
What is the timescale for referral of constipation?
1 week with OTC treatment
2 week with dietary advice
What lifestyle advice could you give someone with constipation?
Diet (fibre) l, fluid intake, regular exercise and don’t hold back if you need to go to the toilet
