Gastrointestinal Flashcards
What is the cause of Esophageal varicose
Hypertension of the portal vein.
May be prehepatic, post hepatic, or intrahepatic
What is esophagitis
Inflammation or infection of the esophagus.
May present as acs, odynophagia is classic sign.
what is GERD/Cause
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease caused by the transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
list 5 causes of bowel obstruction
Duodenum Stenosis Foreign body Adhesions Hernia Fecal impaction
Two main causes of peptic ulcer disease
NSAID use
H-pylori
Causes of Billiary colic & Cholecystitis
Gallstone formation in bladder,
stone blockage in the cystic duct
Stone in the common bile duct
Billiary colic/ cholecystitis S/S
RUQ Pain
fatty food intolerance
billiard colic pain lasts a few hours or less. anything more suggestive of cholecystitis or rupture
what are the four types of hepatitis
A
B
C
E
2 mechanisms of hepatitis injury
- Direct cellular injury
- Immune response
Define cirrhosis
End stage chronic liver disease.
associated with alcoholism, viral hepatitis, toxic reactions to drugs, biliary obstruction
Define acute pancreatitis
Local inflammation in the pancreases set off by activated tripsin.
two classic signs of acute pancreatitis
Cullens sign
Grey-turners sign
Classic sign of cholecystitis/Biliary colic
Murpheys sign
When to consider Acute appendicitis
A-traumatic right sided abdominal pain in patients who still have an appendix.
Define diverticulitis
Small herniations at the sites where the vasculature penetrates the circular muscle layer of the left sided colon
