Gastrointestinal Flashcards
what 2 drugs cause gingival hypertrophy?
Calcium channel blockers
Phenytoin
“Bird beak appearance” (and distended oesophagus) - upper GI imagine?
Lower GI imaging?
Upper = achalasia Lower = bowel obstruction
What are grey turner’s and culler’s sign a sign of?
Acute pancreatitis
What is grey turner’s?
Lumbar redness = acute pancretitis
What is Cullen’s sign?
Umbilical redness
What is murphy’s sign?
What causes this?
It is elicited by firmly placing a hand at the costal margin in the right upper abdominal quadrant and asking the patient to breathe deeply. If the gallbladder is inflamed, the patient will experience pain and catch their breath as the gallbladder descends and contacts the palpating hand
Cholecystitis/ cholangitis
What causes pale stools, jaundice and abdo pain?
Biliary obstruction
What causes abdominal distension, caput medusae and shifting dullness? (2)
Portal hypertension
Ascites
What causes pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum?
Crohns and UC
“Tinkling bowel sounds”?
Bowel osbtruciton
Vesicular rash (small fluid filled sacs) and weight loss?
Coeliac disease
Where is Virchow’s node located?
What is it a sign of?
Left supra-clavicular region
Gastric cancer
what is the urea breath test for
H pylori
what is 14C breath test for?
Bacterial overgrowth
“rice-water” like stools?
Vibrio cholera
Presence of AMA?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Presence of ASMA?
Autoimmune hepatitis
What is alpha feet protein assay used to test for? (2)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Teratoma
Cobblestone mucosa?
What does this indicate?
Crohns disease
Indicating deep fissuring ulceration of the mucoa
What diuretics are used to treat ascites (due to cirrhosis)?
Spirolactone
Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow?
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
Severe abdominal pain and diarrhoea and vomiting after raw milk?
campylobacter
Russell’s sign?
self induced vomiting
Mallory’s hyaline bodies? (3)
Alcohol liver disease
Acute hepatitis
Chronic active hepatitis
Crypt abscess/ cryptitis?
UC
Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Linitis plastica?
Morphological variant of diffuse gastric cancer
Thumb printing on x-ray commonly at the splenic flexure?
Ischaemic colitis
Charcot’s triad?
Cause?
Fever
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Acute cholangitis secondary to cholelithiasis
Causes of abdominal masses?
(A CHEMICAL) AAA Crohns Hernia Enlarged organ Malignancy Intersusception Cyst or abscess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy
Causes for bowel obstruction?
BATH VIPS Bolus Adhesion (normally post-op and in small bowel) Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture
Absence of liver dullness?
Sign of perforation - alone with lying very still, rigid abdomen and tachycardia/ sweating/ distress
What will a patient look like who has an obstruction?
Can’t sit still and have a colicky pain
AMA?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Gatric parietal cell antibody?
Pernicious anaemia
Pernicious anaemia?
a deficiency in the production of red blood cells through a lack of vitamin B12.
Anti transflutaminase antibody, anti endomysial antibody?
Coeliac disease
Thyroid receptor antibodies (TRAb)?
Graves
Perinuclear-ANCA? (2)
UC, PSC
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies? (ANCA)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
