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Gastroenterology > gastroenterology vocabulary > Flashcards

gastroenterology vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

antacid

anti- = against

A

medication used to neutralize stomach acids

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2
Q

antidiarrheal

anti- = against

A

medication used to control diarrhea

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3
Q

antiemetic
anti- = against
-emetic = pertaining to vomiting

A

medication to treat nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness

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4
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

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5
Q

bariatric surgery
bar/o = weight
-atric = medical specialty

A

group of surgical procedures designed to treat extreme obesity by reducing the size of the stomach of diverting food from passing through a portion of the GI tract

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6
Q

barium enema (BE)

A

x-ray examination of the large intestine using barium as a contrast medium; also known as a lower GI series

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7
Q

cirrhosis

-osis = abnormal condition

A

chronic liver disease

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8
Q

colorectal cancer
col/o = colon
rect/o = rectum
-al = pertaining to

A

cancerous tumor originating in the lining of the colon or rectum

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9
Q

constipation

A

difficulty passing a bowel movement (BM) or infrequent bowel movements

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10
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with mucous membrane ulcers; most often found in the ileum

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11
Q

diarrhea

-rrhea = discharge

A

passing frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements

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12
Q

dysentery
dys = abnormal
enter/o = intestine

A

acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in the stool; usually cause by a bacterial or parasitic infection

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13
Q

esophageal atresia
esophag/o = esophagus
-eal = pertaining to

A

congenital lack of the connection between the esophagus and stomach; food cannot enter the stomach

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14
Q

esophageal varices
esophag/o = esophagus
-eal = pertaining to

A

varicose veins in the esophagus, which may result in massive bleeding if they rupture

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15
Q

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

A

clinical lab test for the presence of small amounts of blood in the feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test

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16
Q

gastric banding
gastr/o = stomach
-ic = pertaining to

A

one type of bariatric surgery; a restrictive band (commonly called a lap-band) is placed around the stomach; this prevents the stomach from expanding to hold a large amount of food, leading to smaller meals

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17
Q

gastric bypass
gastr/o = stomach
-ic = pertaining to

A

one type of bariatric surgery; a major portion of the stomach is surgically disconnected from the GI tract (but not removed from the body); leaves the esophagus, emptying food into a small gastric pouch, which then empties into the duodenum

18
Q

gastric stapling
gastr/o = stomach
-ic = pertaining to

A

one type of bariatric surgery; closes off a large section of the stomach with rows of staples; results in a smaller stomach that cannot hold a large meal

19
Q 
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
gastr/o = stomach
-ic = pertaining to
esophag/o = esophagus
-eal = pertaining to
A

occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus

20
Q

Helicobacter pylori antibody test

A

clinical lab test for the presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers

21
Q

hematochezia

hemat/o = blood

A

presence of bright red blood in a bowel movement

22
Q

hemorrhoids

A

varicose veins in the rectum

23
Q

hiatal hernia

-al = pertaining to

A

protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom

24
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of the intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through the digestive tract

25
Q

inguinal hernia
inguin/o = groin
-al = pertaining to

A

protrusion of a loop of small intestine through a weak spot in the abdominal muscle wall and into the groin region; may become incarcerated (trapped) and strangulated if the muscle tightens around the loop and cuts of its blood supply

26
Q

intussusception

A

occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine

27
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

disturbance in normal functioning of the bowel, characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; often associated with stress; also called spastic colon

28
Q

jaundice

A

yellow-colored skin and whites of the eyes associated with liver disease

29
Q

laxative

A

medication to treat constipation

30
Q

melena

A

very dark, tarry stool due to the presence of blood

31
Q

nasogastric (NG) intubation
nas/o = nose
gastr/o = stomach
-ic = pertaining to

A

procedure in which a flexible tube is placed through the nose, down the esophagus, and into the stomach; may be used to gavage (placing liquid nourishment directly into the stomach), lavage (washing out the stomach to remove a dangerous substance), or to suction out stomach fluids

32
Q

nausea

A

feeling the urge to vomit

33
Q

ova and parasites (O&P)

A

clinical lab test for the presence of parasites or their eggs in feces

34
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

craterlike erosion occurring on the mucous membrane of the lower esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; more dangerous if the ulcer eats through the wall of the stomach and becomes a perforated ulcer allowing stomach acids to escape into the abdominal cavity

35
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

medications used to treat peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease by blocking the stomach’s ability to secrete acid

36
Q

total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A

nutrient-complete solution given directly into the bloodstream when a person cannot eat by mouth

37
Q

ulcerative colitis
col/o = colon
-itis = inflammation

A

chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by the formation of ulcers on the mucous membrane of the colon

38
Q 
upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series
gastr/o = stomach
-al = pertaining to
A

x-ray examination of the esophagus and stomach using barium as a contrast medium; also known as barium swallow

39
Q

volvulus

A

length of bowel that becomes twisted around itself

40
Q

vomit

A

forceful return of stomach contents out of the mouth; also known as emesis

Gastroenterology (4 decks)

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