gastroenterology Flashcards
conditions that affect neonates and early infancy
colic GERDmalrotation pyloric stenosis grunting baby syndrome hirschprung disease
Colic
bouts of excessive inconsolable crying seen most often under 3 months:
management of colic
: diet modification, maternal avoidance of dairy caffeine, soy,
herbs: fennel, chamomile,
GERD
spit up milk, generaly improves at 6-12 months
poor wt gain, crying, cough or wheeze
PE normal
how to manage GERD
Frequent small feedings, thicken formula with rice ceral, avoid car seats unless in car PPIs slippery elm
Malrotation
congenital condition with incomplete roatation of intestins with bowel obstruction:
constant abd pain, bile stained vomit
how to manage malrotaion
emergency surgery,
dx wit hbarium esophagram
pyloric stenosis
onset at 2-8 weeks with projectile non bilious vomitiong with wt loss, , hungry vomiter.
how to dx pyloric stenosis
ultrasound and barium study, treatment is surgery
Hirschprung disease
sx: failure to pass meconium in 48 hours. hx of constipation, chronic laxitave use.
surgigal treatment
what are the GI conditons affecting infancy and child
viral gastroenteritis bacterial gastroenteritis appendicitis intusseciton gastric bezoars CNS conditons REnal conditons
what is the most common diagnosis assocated with nausea and vomiting?
Viral gastro
what should you determine with vomiting
is it vomiting or regurtitation., overall wellness in child, temp, hydration
management of viral gastro
nothing by mouth while vomiting, can continue nursing,
sippery elm powder, probiotics, charcoal caps,
dehydration is the complacation
Bacterial gastro
Pain fever, anorexia and bloody diarrhea, generally worse than viral,
Dx wit hstool cultue
what CNS conditions with nausea and vomiting
meningitis.
what renal disease with n/v
pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, hydromephrosis, renal failure.
when should you refer vomiting child
ill appearing signs of dehydration projectile vomiting abnormal abdominal exam blood or bilious less than 6 mos for more than 12 hours severe underlying illness
what should you differentiate with diarrhea
between diarrhea and normal liquid stool of infants
Functional diarrhea
daily painless recurrent passage of 3 or more unformed stools daily for more than 4 weeks in a child that is growing and developing normally.
treatment for functional diarrhea
avoid dairy, sugar, increase fat in diet, probiotics, sippery elm.
COnstpations
infrequent bowel movement that may be hard or painfull.
breastfed can go up to 1 week without BM
what is the number 1 cause of constipation at potty training age?
with holding stool:
how to deal with constipation
Resolve wit henema if impacted or enema,
keep the bowel moveing, Mg or miralax
increase fluid.
