Gastroenterology Flashcards
Abdominal Pain By Region: Epigastric Region (Diffuse Abdominal Pain)
Acute Pancreatitis, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (fruity type breath-know), Gastroenteritis (bloating right after eating), Peritonitis (any cause; makes overripe melon type sound off of abdomen), Sickle Cell Crisis (sickle cell anemia primarily female), Typhoid Fever (affects Diffuse area of Epigastric Region)
Abdominal Pain By Region: Right or Left Upper Quadrant Pain
Acute Pancreatitis - typically right after a person is consuming alcohol
Abdominal Pain By Region: RUQ Right Upper Quadrant
Cholecystitis and Biliary Colic (more so if Px indicates they had a fatty meal and then have pain in this region), Hepatitis, Perforated Duodenal Ulcers, Retrocecal Appendicitis (rare) (retro-behind, cecal-colon, so is lower right quadrant (LRQ) referring up to RUQ) *rare so know for boards
Abdominal Pain By Region: Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Gastritis, Splenic Disorders primarily distention - which is Splenomegaly
Abdominal Pain By Region: Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Appendicitis, Cecal Diverticulitis, Meckel’s Diverticulitis, Crohn’s
Abdominal Pain By Region: Left Lower Quadrant LLQ
Sigmoid Diverticulitis (Sigmoid is the “S” curve around ST26/ST27), Ulcerative Colitis
Abdominal Pain By Region: Right or Left Lower Quadrant Pain
abdominal or psoas abscess, cystitis, endometriosis, IBD, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)-especially if history of chlamydia, renal calculi, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Abdominal Quadrants
Right Hypochondriac - Epigastric - Left Hypochondriac
Right Lumbar - Umbilical - Left Lumbar
Right Iliac - Hypogastric - Left Iliac
(hypochondriac is at top, lumbar is middle, iliac is bottom)
Periumbilical
Going around the umbilicus
Which Abdominal Quadrant is near the Xyphoid?
Epigastric
Where is the hypogastric abdominal quadrant?
In the center, below the umbilicus
Right or Left Lumbar Abdominal Quadrant Pain comes from what?
Ureter pain - from renal pain, from passing a stone, etc.
Right or Left Iliac Abdominal Quadrant Pain comes from what?
Appendicitis, Ovaries
Hypogastric Quadrant Pain comes from what?
Reproductive Organs
What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Underweight?
Underweight - Below 18%
What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Healthy?
Healthy - 18.5-24%
What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Overweight?
Overweight - 25-30%
What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Obese?
Obese - 31% and Up
What are the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Underweight, Healthy, Overweight and Obese?
Underweight - Below 18%
Healthy - 18.5-24%
Overweight - 25-30%
Obese - 31% and up
How do you calculate BMI (Body mass index)?
BMI- Weight/Height (kg/m2)
Digestive Enzymes: Amylase, Lipase, Protease, Ribonuclease…what do they help digest?
Amylase - digests starches
Lipase - digests lipids
Protease - digests protein
Ribonuclease - digests nucleic acids
What digestive enzyme digests starches?
Salivary Amylase
What digestive enzyme digests lipids?
Lipase
What digestive enzymes digests protein?
Protease & Pepsin
What digestive enzyme digests nucleic acids?
Ribonuclease
What digestive enzyme digests milk sugars?
Lactase
What digestive enzyme digests malt sugars?
Glucoamylase
What digestive enzyme digests nucleotides?
Nucleotides & phosphatases
What digestive enzyme digests maltose, maltotriose, alpha dextrins?
Pancreatic Amylase
What digestive enzyme digests peptides?
Trypsin
What digestive enzyme kills bacteria?
Lysozyme
What digestive enzyme has a pH of 6.5-7.5 and moistens & lubricates?
Saliva
What digestive enzyme digests lipids, has pH of 7.5-8.8?
Bile (very alkalinic)
What are simple and complex carbs/starches and what digestive enzyme digests them?
Simple- pasta, rices, fruit, table sugar, etc.
Complex - vegetables, whole-grain bread, etc.
Salivary Amylase
Is alkanine water better for people with Metabolic Acidosis or with GERD?
Alkaline water is better for people with Metabolic Acidosis because they are acidic. People with GERD are already alkalinic so don’t need alkaline water.
Esomeprazole (nexium), Lansoprazole (Prevacid), and Pantoprazole sodium (Protonix), (& Calcium carbonate - Tums) are examples of which type of medication?
Antacids
What do Antihelmintic meds do?
Kill worms
Mebendazole *vermox) is an example of which type of medication?
Antihelmintics
