Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FRACP HANNAH 2022 > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is first line treatment for Hepatitis C in Australia?
A. Sofosbuvir + velpatasvir + voxilaprevir
B. Grazoprevir + elbasvir
C. Glecapravir + pibrentasvir
D. Ledipasvir + sofsbuvir

A

C. Glecapravir + pibrentasvir for 8-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which class of HCV drug is glecapravir?

A

NS3/4A protease inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What class of drug is sofosbuvir?

A

Nucleoside (NS5B) polymerase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What class of drug is voxilaprevir? When is it indicated?

A

NS3/4A protease inhibitor

Add to velpatasvir + sofosbuvir for refractory HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What class of drug is Velpatasvir?

A

NS5a inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What class of drug is dasabuvir?

A

Non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lanafibranor may be useful in which condition?

A

peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor agonist that reduces ballooning and lobular inflammation in NASH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
Which of the following biologics is not helpful in UC?
A. Vedolizumab
B. Tofacitnib
C. Secukinumab
D. Ozanimod
A

C. Secukinumab - anti IL-17a, used in ank spond and psoriatic arthritis

Vedolizumab = anti-integrin a4B7, Tofacitnib =JAK inhibitor, Ozanimod = S1P receptor modulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is calcium absorbed?

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is B12 absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are bile salts absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is folate absorbed?

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which class of HCV drugs should not be used in decompensated liver disease?

A

NS3/4a protease inhibitors, due to raised drug levels in setting of hepatic failure

Drug classes ending with -evir (i.e. glecaprevir, voxilaprevir, grasoprevir)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which coagulation factors are not made in the liver?

A

FVIII (endothelial cell production), FXIIIa (megakaryocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biopsy findings of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Associated lab and disorder?

A

Degeneration of small bile ducts with periductal Sclerosis/fibrosis
Onion skin pattern

p-ANCA, IBD (UC++)

17
Q

Biopsy findings of primary biliary cholangitis (same as primary biliary cirrhosis)

Antibody?

A

Bile duct degeneration with periductular GRANULOMATOUS inflammation
“Florid” bile duct lesions

Anti-Mitochondrial antibody (sMall bile ducts)

18
Q

Inhibitors of gastrin release

A
  • Gastric pH <2
  • Somatostatin
  • Calcitonin
  • Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)
  • Glucagon
  • Vasoactive inhibitory peptide (VIP).
19
Q

Stimulators of gastrin release

A 
L-Amino acids (i.e. phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine)
• Vagal stimulation
• Gastric distension
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Calcium
• Acetylcholine
20
Q

Biopsy findings of autoimmune hepatitis

A

lymphocytic piecemeal necrosis

21
Q

Anti-integrins with a role in IBD

A

Vedolizumab (a4B7)
Abrilumab (a4B7)
Etrolizumab (anti-B7)
Ontamalimab (MADCAM)

22
Q

Jak inhibitors with a role in IBD

A

Filgotinib (JAK1)
Tofacitinib (in UC)
Upadacitnib

23
Q

Treatment of primary biliary cholangitis

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid).

24
Q

What is Gilbert Syndrome

Treatment?

A

Autosomal recessive disorder of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to mutation in UGT1A1

Causes episodes of jaundice

Generally no treatment needed - avoid irinotecan

25
Q

Disorders associated with PBC

A

Sjogrens (most common)
Autoimmune thyroiditis
CREST
RA

26
Q

Treatment of eosinophilic colitis

A 
Dietary modification (elimination)
Steroids
27
Q

Main antibodies associated with T2 AIH

A

Anti-liver/kidney microsomal-1 (anti-LKM-1) antibodies

Anti-liver cytosol-1 (anti-LC1) antibodies

28
Q

Main antibodies associated with T1 AIH

A

Anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA)

ANA

29
Q

Micronutrient deficiency causing high output cardiac failure

A

B1 - “wet beri beri”

Dry beri beri = neurologic complications (i.e. convulsions, weakness, numbness, hyperreflexia)

30
Q

PAS-positive macrophages on small bowel biopsy is representative of what?

A

Whipple’s disease (Tropheryma whipplei)

31
Q

Main deficiencies in SIBO

A

A, B12 (cobalamin consumption), K

Folate is elevated due to increased bacterial production

32
Q

What does a raised HPVG represent?

A 
Raised HVPG (>5mmhg) = hepatic cause of portal HTN
>10 = varices, >12 = variceal bleeding
33
Q

Which hepatitis c genotype is elbasvir plus grazoprevir recommended for?

A

G1 and 4

34
Q

Which hepatitis c genotype is sofusbavir plus ledapasvir recommended fro?

A

G1

35
Q

Most specific antibody for AIH

A

Anti-SLA/LP

36
Q

First line therapy for unresectable stage C HCC

A

Atezolizumab (anti-PL1) + bevacizuman

37
Q

Transplant criteria in HCC

A

2-3 nodules all <3cm OR single lesion <5cm
ECOG 0
No macrovascular invasion, regional nodal spread or distal mets

38
Q

S/E of JAK inhibitors

A

VTE and herpes zoster - increased compareed with other biologics

Best described for tofacitinib

FRACP HANNAH 2022 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions