Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics finals > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Temporary infective disorder due to an enteric infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes gastroenteritis?

A

Virus - rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus
Bacteria - campylobacter
Parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of the population develop gastroenteritis each year?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is rotavirus spread?

A

Faecal oral route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does rotavirus peak in incidence?

A

Winter months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the rotavirus vaccine

A

Oral vaccine

Given at 8 and 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are noroviruses?

A

Single stranded RNA viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is norovirus spread?

A

Faecal oral route or environmental contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which age group is more at risk of adenovirus?

A

<2yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes campylobacter gastroenteritis?

A

Undercooked meat

Unpasteurised milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which bacteria is the most common cause of gastroenteritis?

A

Campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which form of E.coli can have life threatening complications?

A

VTEC E.coli 0157:H7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the complications of E.coli caused gastroenteritis

A

Haemorrhagic colitis
Haemolytic uremic syndrome
Toxic megacolon
Reactive complications - arthritis, carditis, urtication, erythema nodosum, conjunctivitis, reiters syndrome, acquired/secondary lactose intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the clinical features of gastroenteritis

A

Sudden onset of loose/watery stool with/without vomit
Abdo pain
Mild fever
Recent contact with someone with diarrhoea and vomiting
Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is most at risk of dehydration due to gastroenteritis?

A

Young children <6months
>5 stools in last 24 hours
Vomit >2 in last 24 hours
Stopped breast feeding during the illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of clinical shock

A 
Decreased GCS
Pale/mottled skin 
Cold extremities 
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea 
Weak peripheral pulses
Prolonged capillary refill time
Hypotension (decompensated shock)
17
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration

A 
Appears well/deteriorating
Altered responsiveness
Decreased urine output
Skin colour unchanged
Warm extremities
Sunken eyes
Dry mucous membranes
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea 
Normal peripheral pulses
Normal capillary refill time 
Reduced skin turgor
Normal blood pressure
18
Q

When should another differential as opposed to gastroenteritis be considered?

A 
Temp >38 in <3mo or >39 in >3 mo 
Breathlessness
Altered GCS
Meningism 
Blood/mucous in stool
Bilious vomit
Severe/localised abdo pain 
Abdo distension or guarding
19
Q

What investigations are necessary in case of gastroenteritis?

A

Stool sample for microbiological investigations

Na, Cr, Ur, K and glucose if going to give IV fluids or symptoms of Hypernatremia

20
Q

List the symptoms/signs of hypernatraemia

A 
Jittery
Increased muscle tone
Hyperreflexia
Convulsions
Drowsiness
Coma
21
Q

Describe the immediate management of gastroenteritis

A

Not clinically dehydrated - continue breast/feeding, encourage fluid intake, discourage fruit juice/carbonated drinks, offer oral rehydration salt solution if at risk of dehydration

If dehydrated - IV therapy or oral rehydration salt therapy

22
Q

How do you give the oral rehydration salt solution?

A

50 ml/kg over 4 hours to replace deficit plus maintenance fluids Small amounts - 5ml every 5 mins

23
Q

What should you consider if the child is refusing oral solution?

A

NG tube

24
Q

Describe how maintenance fluids are calculated

A 
According to weight
100ml/Kg/day for first 10kg 
Plus 
50ml/kg/day for next 10kg 
Plus 20ml/kg/day for every KG over 20Kg
25
Q

What should be advised following rehydration?

A

Full strength milk right away and slowly re-introduce the child’s solid food

26
Q

How should contamination/transmission be avoided?

A

Hand washing
Avoid sharing of towels
Child not to return to nursery/school until at least 48hrs after last episode of diarrhoea or vomiting
Child should not swim for 2 weeks after the last episode

27
Q

Describe haemolytic uraemic syndrome

A

Rare but serious complication
Occurs in young children and elderly
Life threatening complication - acute renal failure and haemolytic anaemia

28
Q

Describe reiters syndrome

A

Urethritis
Uveitis
Arthritis

29
Q

What is toxic megacolon a rare complication of?

A

Rotavirus gastroenteritis

30
Q

Describe acquired/secondary lactose intolerance

A

Occurs due to lining of the intestine being damaged
Symptoms of bloating, abdominal pain, wind and watery stools after drinking milk
Improves when infection resolves and gut lining heals

Paediatrics finals (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions