Gastroenteritis

Question 1

Commonest cause of travellers’ diarrhoea?

Answer 1

E. coli

Question 2

Which types of bacteria have the shortest incubation? (3)

Answer 2

Staph aureus, bacilis cereus, clostridium perfringens

Question 3

Paralysis can be a feature of what infection?

Answer 3

Clostridium botulinum

Question 4

Sources of salmonella?

Answer 4

Meat, eggs, poultry

Question 5

Investigation of suspected infectious gastroenteritis

Answer 5

Stool culture and microscopy

Question 6

Virus causing diarrhoea, fever, pain and projectile vomiting, often occuring in winter epidemics?

Answer 6

Norovirus

Question 7

How long are patients with norovirus infectious for after symptoms have passed?

Answer 7

around 48 hours

Question 8

Treatment of C. difficile?

Answer 8

Non-severe- metronidazole PO

Severe- metronidazole IV + vancomycin PO/NG

Question 9

Risk factors for C difficile? (6)

Answer 9

Age
Prolonged hospital stay
PPI use
Recent antibiotic use
Surgical procedure particularly bowel
Immunosuppression

Question 10

Motile, flagellated binucleated trophozoites in the stool?

Answer 10

Giardiasis

Question 11

Treatment of giardiasis?

Answer 11

Metronidazole

Question 12

What causative organism is most commonly isolated in HIV patients with diarrhoea?

Answer 12

Cryptosporidium

Question 13

Transient episode of diarrhoea, followed by fever, sweats and “rose spots” rash

Answer 13

Typhoid fever