Gastroenteritis Flashcards
source of campylobacter
contaminated water
animal droppings
unpasteurised milk
clinical features of campylobacter
fever
dysentery
reactive arthritis
management of campylobacter
self limiting
if severe - erythromycin
source of salmonella
contaminated water
eggs
poultry
meat
clinical features of salmonella
dysentery
vomiting
abdominal pain
low-grade fever
management of salmonella
usually self-limiting
bacteraemia - ciprofloxacin
sources of shigella
faecal-oral
contaminated food and water
clinical features of shigella
dysentery
colicky abdominal pain
sometimes fever
management of shigella
ciprofloxacin
source of bacillus cereus
reheated rice or sauces
clinical features of bacillus cereus
watery diarrhoea
profuse vomiting
management of bacillus cereus
self-limiting
sources of listeria
unpasteurised milk and cheese
raw meat
clinical features of listeria
watery diarrhoea
colicky abdominal pain
vomiting
management of listeria
ampicillin
source of clostridium perfringens
uncooked meat
clinical features of clostridium perfringens
watery diarrhoea
colicky abdominal pain
management of clostridium perfringens
self-limiting
source of clostridium botulinum
bottled/canned food
clinical features of clostridium botulinum
short period of watery diarrhoea
symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis
no sensory impairment
management of clostridium botulinum
anti-toxin
benzyl-penicillin and metronidazole
sources of staph aureus
dairy products
cooked meats
clinical features of staph aureus
profuse vomiting initially
diarrhoea presents later
management of staph aureus
self-limiting
source of e coli
most common cause of traveller’s diarrhoea
clinical features of e coli
watery diarrhoea
vomiting
management of e coli
self limiting
ciprofloxacin may be considered
sources of e coli 0157
contaminated food
usually as outbreaks
clinical features of e coli 0157
dysentery
constant abdominal pain
management of e coli 0157
supportive
sources of yersinia
pork
milk
clinical features of yersinia
abdominal pain
watery diarrhoea
sometimes fever
management of yersinia
ciprofloxacin
source of giardia
contaminated water
common in the tropics
clinical features of giardia
explosive, offensive diarrhoea
vomiting
abdominal pain
distension
management of giardia
ciprofloxacin
source of cryptosporidiosis
contaminated water
only seen in immunocompromised patients
clinical features of cryptosporidiosis
profuse diarrhoea
intermittent abdominal pain
management of cryptosporidiosis
usually self-limiting
if severe - co-trimoxazole for 7 days
sources of entamoeba
faecal-oral
contaminated food
clinical features of entamoeba
dysentery with intermittent constipation
management of entamoeba
metronidazole or tinidazole in acute phase
paromomycin or diloxanide for up to 10 days
source of strongyloides
endemic in the tropics and sub-tropics
clinical features of strongyloides
triad of - abdominal pain - dairrhoea - urticaria systemic disease in the immunosuppressed
management of strongyloides
ivermectin for 2 days or albenazole for 3 days
clinical features of norovirus
common in adults
profuse watery diarrhoea
projectile vomiting
colicky abdominal pain
management of norovirus
self-limiting
contact precaution
clinical features of rotavirus
common in kids
watery diarrhoea
vomiting
management of rotavirus
self-limiting
contact precaution
clinical features of cholera
severe diarrhoea - ‘rice-water stools’
major fluid loss and shock
management of cholera
vigorous rehydration
electrolyte replacement
ciprofloxacin