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GI > Gastro Phys > Flashcards

Gastro Phys Flashcards

1
Q

Somatostatin: where it’s secreted, stimuli, actions

A

Secreted by D cells of GI mucosa (also hypothalamus and pancreas)
Stimulated by low luminal pH
Actions: inhibits gastric H+ secretion

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2
Q

Histamine: where it’s secreted, its target, actions

A

Secreted by enterochromaffin-like cells in gastric glands
Target is parietal cells
Action: stimulates H+ production

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3
Q

Gastrin: where it’s secreted, stimuli, actions

A

Secreted by G cells of the stomach
Stimulated by small peptides and AA’s, distention of the stomach, and vagal stimulation via GRP
Actions: increase gastric H+ secretion, growth of gastric mucosa

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4
Q

CCK: where it’s secreted, stimuli, actions

A

Secreted by I cells of the duodenum and jejunum
Stimulated by small peptides, AA’s, and FA’s
Actions: increase pancreatic enzyme and HCO3- secretion, contraction of gallbladder and relaxation of sphincter of Oddi, growth of exocrine pancreas and gallbladder, inhibits gastric emptying, paracrine signal

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5
Q

Secretin: where it’s secreted, stimuli, actions

A

Secreted by S cells of the duodenum
Stimulated by H+ and FA’s in the duodenum
Actions: increase pancreatic and biliary HCO3- secretion, decrease gastric H+ secretion, inhibits gastrin, can act as paracrine signal

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6
Q

GIP: where it’s secreted, stimuli, actions

A

Secreted by duodenum and jejunum
Stimulated by FA’s, AA’s, and oral glucose
Actions: increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells (incretin effect), decrease gastric H+ secretion

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7
Q

ACh actions

A 
Contraction of SM in wall (increases amplitude of slow waves)
Relaxation of sphincters
Increase salivary secretion
Increase gastric secretion
Increase pancreatic secretion
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8
Q

NE actions

A

Relaxation of SM in wall (decreases amplitude of slow waves)
Contraction of sphincters
Increase salivary secretion

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9
Q

VIP actions

A

Relaxation of SM
Increase intestinal secretion
Increase pancreatic secretion

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10
Q

NO actions

A

Relaxation of SM

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11
Q

GRP actions

A

Increase gastrin secretion

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12
Q

Action of enkephalins

A

Contraction of SM

Decrease intestinal secretion

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13
Q

Action of neuropeptide Y

A

Relaxation of SM

Decrease intestinal secretion

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14
Q

Action of substance P

A

Contraction of SM
Increase salivary secretion
Secreted with ACh

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15
Q

Innervation of most mastication muscles

A

CN V - trigeminal n.

Controlled by nuclei in brainstem

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16
Q

Achalasia due to lack of:

A

VIP or NO

LES cannot fully relax

17
Q

Parasympathetic regulation of contractions

A

Gastrin and motilin

Increase AP and force of contractions

18
Q

Sympathetic regulation of contractions

A

Secretin and GIP

Decreases AP and force of contractions

19
Q

Factors that increase gastric emptying

A

Decrease distensibility
Increase force of peristaltic contractions of the caudad stomach
Decrease tone of pylorus
Increase diameter and inhibition of the segmenting contractions of the proximal duodenum

20
Q

Factors that inhibit gastric emptying

A

Relaxation of orad (increased distensibility)
Decrease force of peristaltic contractions
Increase tone of pyloric sphincter
Segmentation contractions in intestine (entero-gastric reflex)

21
Q

Main hormone in peristaltic reflex

A

Serotonin 5-HT
Released by enterochromaffin cells
Binds to IPANs

22
Q

Effect of prostaglandins on contractions

A

Increase

23
Q

Effect of E and glucagon on contractions

A

Inhibit

24
Q

Areas innervated by vagus n.

A

Parasympathetic

Cecum, ascending/transverse colon

25
Q

Areas innervated by pelvic n.’s

A

Parasympathetic

Descending/sigmoid colon, rectum

26
Q

Areas innervated by superior mesenteric ganglion

A

Sympathetic

Proximal regions

27
Q

Areas innervated by inferior mesenteric ganglion

A

Sympathetic

Distal regions

28
Q

Areas innervated by hypogastric plexus

A

Sympathetic

Distal rectum and anal canal

29
Q

Areas innervated by somatic pudendal n.’s

A

External anal sphincter

GI (5 decks)

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