Gastro Drugs Flashcards
Antacids
Contain Al- or Mg- Insoluble and long acting in the stomach Mg- Laxative Al- Constipation NaHCO3 Does not relieve dyspepsia alone.
Bonus: Simeticone
Anti-foaming agent added to antacids
Pallative care
relieve flatulence
relief of hiccup
Gaviscon
Ix: Mild symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Interactions: Check- Calcium carbonate (e.g aldronate for osteoporosis) Sodium bicarbonate
Alginates
Alginates + antacid increases the viscosity of stomach contents and can protect the oesophageal mucosa from acid reflux.
Ranitidine
Class: H2 antagonists e.g niza, famo -tidine
Ix: Gastric/duodenal (NSAID asso) ulcers; uninvestigated dyspepsia
How: Gastric H2 production decrease
Cx: symptoms of Gastric cancer
SE: gastro, rash, headaches, dizzy. rare- cytopenias.
NB: half dose if Renal impairment
Omeprazole
Class: PPI. e.g. ESOMEPRAZOLE, LANSOPRAZOLE
Ix: GORD, H.pylori eradication in triple therapy. NSAID prophylaxis. Z-E syndrome,
How: Proton pump inhibitors inhibit gastric acid secretion
Cx: Osteoporosis, Gastric cancer
SE: Gastro, dry mouth, dizzy. thrombocyto,
NB: fine in Pregnancy/breast feeding
Loperamide
Class: Anti-motility
Ix: rapid control of diarrhoea. chronic or acute, pallative care. faecal incontinence
How:
Cx: colitis, ab distention, contions that require peristalsis
SE: gastro, headache, nausea.
Elinated in faeces.
Bonus: Racecadotril
Ix: Acute diarrhoea
Reduce unwanted side effects of similar anti-diarrhoea treatments e.g. constipation.
Senna
Class: laxatives Ix: Constipation. Onset in 8-12 hours How: stimulates peristalsis Cx: Atony, obstruction, unknown ab pain. SE: hypokalemia in chronic use, diarrhoea.
Mesalazine
Class: 5 AZA
Ix: UC acute attack or maintenance, Crohns,
Cx: abnormal blood clotting
How: Anti-inflammatory
SE: leucopenia, Gastro, cough, skin reactions. REPORT Bleeding (purpura, sore throat or fever).
Avoid if eGFR <20mL
Metoclopramide
Class: Anti-emetic
Ix: Prevention of nausea and vomiting, hiccups, Acute migraines
Cx: 3-4 days after gastro surgery, gastro bled, obstruction, perforation, phaeo.
SE: neurological, parkinsonism, depression, drowiness, dystonic reactions.
Renal impaired reduced dose by 1/2