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Applied pharmacology > Gastro Drugs > Flashcards

Gastro Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of PPIs?

A

Omeprazole

lansoprazole

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2
Q

When are PPIs used?

A
  1. Peptic ulcer disease- prevention and treatment
  2. Dyspepsia and GORD relief
  3. H Pylori eradication
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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of PPIs?

A

Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+- ATPase in gastric parietal cells and inhibits the final stage of gastric acid production

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4
Q

What are the common side effects of PPIs?

A

Headache; dizziness; nausea; diarrhoea; constipation. Prolonged use can lead to bacterial overgrowth in the GI tract

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5
Q

When should PPIs be cautioned?

A

In osteoporosis- can increase fracture risk

May disguise gastro-oesphoageal cancer

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6
Q

What do PPIs interact with?

A

Can reduce the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel

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7
Q

What patient information should be given with PPIs?

A

Take in the morning before food

Ensure they are aware of the length of the course

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8
Q

What monitoring is required with PPIs?

A

Symptomatic monitoring

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9
Q

What are examples of osmotic laxatives?

A

Macrogel, phosphate enema, lactulose

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10
Q

When are osmotic laxatives used?

A

Constipation and feacal impaction
Bowel preparation prior to surgery
Hepatic encephalopathy

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of lactulose/macrogel?

A

maintains the osmotic contents of the stool
hold water in the stool increasing volume and stimulating peristalisis
Lactulose can also reduce the amount of ammonia held in stool

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12
Q

What are the common side effects of lactulose/macrogel?

A

Flactulence
abdominal cramps
nausea

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13
Q

When shouldnt lactulose/macrogel be used?

A

In intestinal obstruction (risk of perforation)

use in caution in heart failure/ascites due to fluid shift

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14
Q

What patient info should be given with Lactulose/macrogel?

A

Should make stool softer and easier to pass

At least 6-8 glasses of water a day

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15
Q

what monitoring should be done with Lactulose/macrogel?

A

Stool chart

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16
Q

What are the indications for senna, glycerol suppositories?

A

Constipation

Fecal impaction

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of senna/glycerol suppositories

A

Increase water and electrolyte secretion from the colonic mucosa
increases the volume of colonic content and stimulates peristalsis

18
Q

What are the side effects of senna/glycerol suppositories?

A

Flactulence

abdo cramps

19
Q

When should stimulant laxatives not be used?

A

intestinal obstruction

haemorrhoids

20
Q

what patient info should be given with senna/glycerol suppositories?

A

6-8 glasses of water a day

May need a few doses before the effects are seen

21
Q

What is the monitoring for senna/glycerol suppositories?

A

Stool chart

22
Q

What class of drugs are cyclizine, cinnarizine, promethazine?

A

Anti emetics

H2 receptor antagonists

23
Q

when are cyclizine/cinnarizine indicated?

A

nausea and vomiting

motion sickness

vertigo

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cyclizine/cinnarizine?

A

histamine and Ach receptors are mostly found in the vomiting centre of the medulla and in the communication with the vestibular system

25
Q

What are the side effects of cyclizine/cinnarizine?

A

Drowsiness

dry throat and mouth

tachycardia

palpatations

26
Q

when should you use cyclizine/cinnarizine with caution?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

prostatic enlargement (may increase urinary retention)

27
Q

What does cyclizine/cinnarizine interact with?

A

Sedative affect may be increased with benzodiazepines/opiods

28
Q

What patient info should you use when using cyclizine/cinnarizine?

A

IV injections should be given over two mins

Advice about drowsiness (driving etc..)

29
Q

What monitoring should be given for cyclizine/cinnarizine?

A

Symptom monitoring

Applied pharmacology (4 decks)

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