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Physiology of Human Organ Systems > Gastro > Flashcards

Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Mouth

A

Breaks down food

Adds saliva as a lubricant

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2
Q

Function of Stomach

A

Digestion of proteins

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3
Q

Function of Pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbs and proteins

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4
Q

Function of Liver

A

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine

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5
Q

Function of Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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6
Q

Function of Small intestine

A

FInal stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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7
Q

Parts of the Small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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8
Q

Function of Large intestine

A

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

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9
Q

Parts of the Large intestine

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

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10
Q

How many layers of the alimentary canal are there?

A

4 distinct layer

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11
Q

Name the layers of the alimentary canal

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

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12
Q

Name the layers within the Mucosa

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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13
Q

What is the function of the Epithelium?

A

Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus

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14
Q

Where would you find Stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Mouth, Oesophagus and Anal canal

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15
Q

Where would you find Simple columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach and Small intestine

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16
Q

What is the Lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue

17
Q

What is the Muscularis mucosae?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

18
Q

What does Submucosal glands in the Oesophagus do?

A

Secrete Mucus

19
Q

What does Submucosal glands in the Duodenum do?

A

Secrete Bicarbonate

20
Q

What does the Submucosa contain?

A

Neurons
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels

21
Q

What is the function of the inner layer of the Muscularis externa

A

Constrict the lumen (circular muscle)

22
Q

What is the function of the outer layer of the Muscularis externa

A

Shorten the tube (longitudinal muscle)

23
Q

What is the function of the Muscularis externa

A

Produces motility

24
Q

What does the ENS consist of?

A

Submucosal plexus

Myenteric plexus

25
Q

What nerve does the parasympathetic autonomic control of the alimentary canal utilise?

A

Vagus nerve (X cranial nerve)

26
Q

What role does the Vagus nerve have in nervous control of the alimentary canal

A

Increases secretion

Increases motility

27
Q

What nerve does the sympathetic autonomic control of the alimentary canal utilise?

A

Splanchnic nerve

28
Q

What role does the Splanchnic nerve have in nervous control of the alimentary canal

A

Decrease secretion

Decrease motility

29
Q

What glands secrete saliva?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

30
Q

Function of water in saliva

A

Softens, moistens and dilutes particles

31
Q

Function of mucins in saliva

A

Lubrication function

32
Q

Function of a-amylase in saliva

A

Breakdown of polysaccharides into disaccharides plus glucose

33
Q

Function of electrolytes in saliva

A

Tonicity/pH

34
Q

Function of Lysosomes in saliva

A

Bactericidal - cleaves polysaccharides

Physiology of Human Organ Systems (1 decks)

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