Gastro

Question 1

Function of Mouth

Answer 1

Breaks down food

Adds saliva as a lubricant

Question 2

Function of Stomach

Answer 2

Digestion of proteins

Question 3

Function of Pancreas

Answer 3

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbs and proteins

Question 4

Function of Liver

Answer 4

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine

Question 5

Function of Gallbladder

Answer 5

Stores and concentrates bile

Question 6

Function of Small intestine

Answer 6

FInal stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 7

Parts of the Small intestine

Answer 7

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 8

Function of Large intestine

Answer 8

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

Question 9

Parts of the Large intestine

Answer 9

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

Question 10

How many layers of the alimentary canal are there?

Answer 10

4 distinct layer

Question 11

Name the layers of the alimentary canal

Answer 11

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

Question 12

Name the layers within the Mucosa

Answer 12

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

Question 13

What is the function of the Epithelium?

Answer 13

Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus

Question 14

Where would you find Stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 14

Mouth, Oesophagus and Anal canal

Question 15

Where would you find Simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 15

Stomach and Small intestine

Question 16

What is the Lamina propria?

Answer 16

Loose connective tissue

Question 17

What is the Muscularis mucosae?

Answer 17

Thin smooth muscle layer

Question 18

What does Submucosal glands in the Oesophagus do?

Answer 18

Secrete Mucus

Question 19

What does Submucosal glands in the Duodenum do?

Answer 19

Secrete Bicarbonate

Question 20

What does the Submucosa contain?

Answer 20

Neurons
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels

Question 21

What is the function of the inner layer of the Muscularis externa

Answer 21

Constrict the lumen (circular muscle)

Question 22

What is the function of the outer layer of the Muscularis externa

Answer 22

Shorten the tube (longitudinal muscle)

Question 23

What is the function of the Muscularis externa

Answer 23

Produces motility

Question 24

What does the ENS consist of?

Answer 24

Submucosal plexus

Myenteric plexus

Question 25

What nerve does the parasympathetic autonomic control of the alimentary canal utilise?

Answer 25

Vagus nerve (X cranial nerve)

Question 26

What role does the Vagus nerve have in nervous control of the alimentary canal

Answer 26

Increases secretion

Increases motility

Question 27

What nerve does the sympathetic autonomic control of the alimentary canal utilise?

Answer 27

Splanchnic nerve

Question 28

What role does the Splanchnic nerve have in nervous control of the alimentary canal

Answer 28

Decrease secretion

Decrease motility

Question 29

What glands secrete saliva?

Answer 29

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 30

Function of water in saliva

Answer 30

Softens, moistens and dilutes particles

Question 31

Function of mucins in saliva

Answer 31

Lubrication function

Question 32

Function of a-amylase in saliva

Answer 32

Breakdown of polysaccharides into disaccharides plus glucose

Question 33

Function of electrolytes in saliva

Answer 33

Tonicity/pH

Question 34

Function of Lysosomes in saliva

Answer 34

Bactericidal - cleaves polysaccharides