Gastro Flashcards
1
Q
What is the DDx for leuconychia?
A
Hypoalbuminaemia CCF Nephrotic syndrome Hodgkin's lymphoma DM
2
Q
What is the DDx for palmar erythema?
A
Cirrhosis Hypercapnoea RA Thyrotoxicosis Pregnancy Fever Exercise
3
Q
What is the DDx for hepatic bruit?
A
Alcoholic hepatitis Hepatic carcinoma (primary or secondary) Hepatic AVM Intestinal AVM Hepatic haemangioma TIPS
4
Q
Which factors are most strongly associated with hepatic decompensation?
A
Obesity
Hypoalbuminaemia
Elevated HPVG
5
Q
What are the causes of splenomegaly?
A
Massive
- Myelofibrosis
- CML
- Malaria
Moderate
- Portal HTN
- Lymphoma, leukaemia
- Thalassaemia
- Storage diseases
Mild
- Infective endocarditis
- EBV, CMV
- Hepatitis
- PRV, ET
- Haemolytic anaemia
- CTD, vasculitis: RA, SLE, PAN
- Infiltration: Amyloidosis, sarcoidosis
6
Q
What are the causes of hepatosplenomegaly?
A
- Chronic liver disease (PBC, alcoholic liver disease and NAFLD) with portal HTN
- Haematological disease: myeloproliferative disease, lymphoma, leukaemia, pernicious anaemia, sickle cell disease
- Infection: viral hepatitis, EBV, CMV
- SLE
- Acromegaly
- Thyrotoxicosis
7
Q
What are the causes of tender hepatomegaly?
A
Infection (viral hepatitis, toxoplasmosis, hydatid disease, amoebic abscess, pyogenic abscess)
Alcoholic hepatitis
Malignancy (primary or secondary)
Congestion (CCF, constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) - check for elevated JVP
Vascular disease (Budd-Chiari, sickle cell disease)
8
Q
What are the signs of chronic liver disease?
A
Spider naevi
Muscle wasting
Gynaecomastia
Testicular atrophy
