Gastritis Flashcards
What is gastritis?
It is defined as a group of conditions in which there is inflammation of the stomach mucosa
What are the three classifications of gastritis?
Gastritis A
Gastritis B
Gastritis C
What is another term for gastritis A?
Autoimmune gastritis
What is gastritis A?
It is defined as gastritis related to the immune system attacking gastric parietal cells
What are the two complications associated with gastritis A?
Adenoma formation
Pernicious anaemia
How is adenoma formation a complication of gastritis A?
Gastritis A results in a reduction in parietal cells and therefore decreased secretion of gastric acid (hypochlorhydria)
This causes elevated gastrin levels, which stimulate enterochromaffin cells
How is pernicious anaemia a complication of gastritis A?
Gastritis A results in a reduction in parietal cells and therefore decreased secretion of intrinsic factor
What is the most common gastritis classification?
Gastritis B
What is another term for gastritis B?
Bacterial gastritis
What is gastritis B?
It is defined as gastritis related to bacterial infection
What bacterial infection is most commonly associated with gastritis B?
Helicobacter Pylori
What two complications are associated with gastritis B?
Intestinal metaplasia
Peptic ulceration
What is another term for gastritis C?
Chemical gastritis
What is gastritis C?
It is defined as gastritis related to alcohol misuse, drug administration or bile reflux
What two drugs are associated with gastritis C?
NSAIDs
Aspirin
What is the most common cause of bile reflux?
Post surgical complication
What are the four clinical features of gastritis?
Epigastric Pain
Abdominal Distension
Heartburn Features
Nausea & Vomiting
What two investigations are used to diagnose gastritis?
Helicobacter Pylori Testing
Endoscopy + Biopsy
What two investigations are used to identify H.Pylori infection?
Urea Breath Test
Stool Antigen Test
What is a urea breath test?
It involves consumption of a urea containing liquid, which is a chemical broken down by H.Pylori into ammonia and carbon dioxide
After fifteen minutes, the volume of carbon dioxide exhaled is measured
What is a positive urea breath test?
Increased volumes of exhaled carbon dioxide
What is a stool antigen test?
It involves testing a stool sample for the presence of H.Pylori infection
What is the gold standard investigation of gastritis?
Endoscopy + biopsy
What are the two features of gastritis on endoscopy?
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
Mucosal Redness & Bleeding
What are the three conservative management options of gastritis?
NSAID Cessation
Alcohol Cessation
Stress Reduction
What are the four pharmacological management options of gastritis?
Antacid Drugs
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
H2 Receptor Antagonist
Antibiotics
Name two antacid drugs used to manage gastritis
Gaviscon
Rennie
When are antacid drugs used to manage gastritis?
They are over the counter medications that patients can be advised to purchase
How do antacid drugs treat gastritis?
They can be administered to provide temporary symptomatic relief, however, don’t provide resolution of the underlying damage
Name two proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used to manage gastritis
Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
When are proton pump inhibitors used to manage gastritis?
They are the first line management option
How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) manage gastritis?
They inhibit gastric acid secretion by binding to the hydrogen potassium ATPase pump that resides on the luminal surface of the parietal cell membrane
This provides time for the damaged tissue to heal
Name a H2 receptor antagonist used to manage gastritis
Ranitidine
When are H2 receptor antagonists used to manage gastritis?
They are the second line management option
How do H2 receptor antagonists treat gastritis?
They inhibit gastric acid secretion and by binding to histamine type 2 receptors on the basolateral surface of gastric parietal cells
This provides time for the damaged tissue to heal
Name three antibiotics are used to manage gastritis
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
Metronidazole
When are antibiotics used to manage gastritis?
When gastritis is related to H.Pylori infection
What are the three complications of gastritis?
Gastric Peptic Ulceration
Gastric Bleeding
Pernicious Anaemia
