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Physiology Class Test 2 > Gastric Secretion > Flashcards

Gastric Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Taking in food

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2
Q

What does mechanical digestion involve?

A

Chewing (mouth)
Churning (stomach)
Segmentation (small intestine)

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3
Q

What is propulsion?

A

Swallowing (oropharynx)

Peristalsis (oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine)

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4
Q

What are the absorption mechanisms?

A

Lymph vessels

Blood vessels

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5
Q

What is defecation

A

Getting rid of waste out of anus

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6
Q

What two sphincters are involved in the stomach?

A

Cardiac (oesophagus)

Pyloric (duedenum)

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7
Q

What are the three layers of muscularis externa?

A

Longitudinal layer
Circular layer
Oblique layer

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8
Q

What curvatures are involved in the stomach?

A

Lesser curvature

Greater curvature

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9
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Top section of the stomach wall

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10
Q

What are the rugae of mucosa?

A

Ridges inside the stomach

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11
Q

What are the layers of the stomach wall?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

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12
Q

What do gastric pits do?

A

Lead to gastric glands

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13
Q

What do gastric glands do?

A

Produce gastric juice

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14
Q

What types of cells make up the mucosa of the stomach

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What do mucous neck cells do?

A

They make up the neck of the gastric pits

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16
Q

What are the gastric glands cells?

A

Parietal
Chief
Mucous neck

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17
Q

What cells are at the bottom of the gastric pit?

A

Enteroendocrine cells

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18
Q

Where is most of the gastric juice produced?

A

Glands in the fundus and body (oxyntic glands)

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19
Q

What does gastric juice consist of?

A

Hydrochloric acid
Pepsinogen
Intrinsic factor
Mucus

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20
Q

What do parietal cells do?

A

Secrets intrinsic factor and HCl

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21
Q

What does intrinsic factor do?

A

Required for absorption of vitamin B12

22
Q

What does HCl do?

A

Kills microbes
Denatures proteins
Activates enzymes

23
Q

What ph is HCL?

A

1-3

24
Q

What do chief cells do?

A

Secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase

25
Q

What does pepsinogen do?

A

Breaks down peptide bonds

Converted to pepsin by HCL

26
Q

What does gastric lipase do?

A

Splits short chain triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides

27
Q

What do mucous cells do?

A

Secrete mucus

28
Q

What two mucous cells are there?

A

Superficial epithelia

Mucuous neck cells

29
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Forms a protective barrier

Has alkaline properties

30
Q

What is gastropathy?

A

When the stomach goes wrong…

31
Q

What can cause damage to the stomach?

A 
Drugs
Infection
Stress
Alcohol
Radiotherapy
32
Q

What does helicobacter pylori do?

A

Often leads to ulcers

33
Q

What mechanisms regulate gastric secretion?

A

Neural and hormonal mechanisms

34
Q

What are the phases of gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic phase (reflex)
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

35
Q

When does the cephalic phase occur?

A

A few minutes prior to food entry

36
Q

When does the gastric phase happen?

A

3-4 hours after food enters the stomach

37
Q

When does the intestinal phase happen?

A

When food enters duodenum

Followed by inhibitory effects

38
Q

What happens in the cephalic phase?

A

Smell, site, thought and taste of food activates CNS
Nerves activated
Glands activated
Prepares mouth and stomach for food

39
Q

What nerves activate cephalic phase?

A

Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

40
Q

What glands activate during the cephalic phase?

A

Salivary and gastric

41
Q

What happens in the gastric phase?

A

Food distended the stomach and stimulates stretch receptors
Chemoreceptors detect increase in pH…
…Perisatalisis and gastric juice secretion.
Chyme emptied into duodenum
pH and distension decreases

42
Q

What is gastric phase an example of?

A

Negative feedback loop

43
Q

What is gastric phase regulated by?

A

Gastric

44
Q

Where is gastrin produced?

A

Released by G cells of gastric glands

45
Q

When is gastrin released?

A

In response to food in stomach and stimulation of parasympathetic system

46
Q

Gastrin is released into the…

A

Bloodstream

47
Q

What does gastrin stimulate?

A

Gastric juice secretion

48
Q

What does gastrin prevent?

A

Acid reflux

49
Q

When does gastrin production stop?

A

When pH is less that 2

Negative feedback

50
Q

When does the intestinal phase occur?

A

When food enters small intestine

51
Q

What does the intestinal phase inhibit?

A

Inhibits exit of chyme from stomach by inhibiting gastric motility and contraction of the pyloric sphincter

Inhibits gastric secretion

52
Q

What does intestinal phase promote?

A

Digestion of food in small intestine

Physiology Class Test 2 (2 decks)

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