Gastric Mucosa

Question 1

What are the 4 broad layers of the alimentary canal ?

Answer 1

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis externa
4) Serosa or adventitia

Question 2

What are the innervations of the alimentary canal ?

Answer 2

1) Enteric nervous system
2) Sympathetic
3) Parasympathetic

Question 3

The Meissner’s plexus is found in which layer of the alimentary canal ?

Answer 3

Submucosa ( connective tissue layer )

Question 4

What is a special feature found in the musculosa layer ?

a) Meissner’s plexus
b) Corium
c) interstitial cells of cajal
d) DNES cells

Answer 4

c) interstitial cells of cajal

Question 5

Which system(s) is/are responsible for the modification of the enteric nerve impulses ?

Answer 5

The sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 6

Which part of the mucosal layer is responsible for the movement of the mucosa ?

Answer 6

Muscularis mucosa

Question 7

Mention the 2 functions of the Meissner’s submucosal plexus .

Answer 7

1) Controls the motility of the mucosa

2) Controls the secretory activities of its gland

Question 8

Which plexus regulates the muscularis externa and is found situated between the muscle layers ?

Answer 8

Auerbach’s myenteric plexus

Question 9

At which condition does the stomach rugae disappear?

Answer 9

A distended stomach

Question 10

In histology , which 2 parts of the stomach are considered identical?

Answer 10

Fundus and the body of stomach

Question 11

What is the epithelium lining of the stomach?

Answer 11

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

What is the epithelium lining of the esophagus?

Answer 12

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Question 13

The musculosa becomes thicker in which organ and why ?

Answer 13

Stomach ; because of the appearance of an inner oblique layer of muscles

Question 14

At the gastro-esophageal junction, what does the lamina propria of the stomach mucosa contain ?

Answer 14

Branched tubular glands
or gastric glands
or fundic glands

Question 15

Why does the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach secrete visible mucus?

Answer 15

To protect the stomach from auto digestion

Question 16

What does the apical surface of the fundus comprise of ?

Answer 16

Short microvilli covered with glycocalyx layer

Question 17

A 55-year-old man with medical history of Parkinson disease was admitted to the outpatient clinic with history of diarrhea, abdominal pain, irregular bowel movements dyspepsia and weight loss due to overproduction of serotonin . Endoscopic biopsy revealed duodenal carcinoid . Which type of cell is affected ?

a) Ecl - cells
b) Ec cells
c) Regenerative cells
d) surface mucous cells

Answer 17

b) Ec cells

Question 18

What does the fundus contain in its apical cytoplasm?

a) gastric glands
b) mucous granules
c) zonule adherentes and zonulae occludentes
d) Oxyntic cells

Answer 18

b) mucous granules

Question 19

What is a characteristic feature of an active parietal cell ?

a) plueripotent cells
b) ECL cells
c) basophilic cytoplasm
d) intracellular canaliculai with microvilli

Answer 19

d) intracellular canaliculai with microvilli

Question 20

Which type of DNES cells is similar to glucagon ?

a) A- cells
b) enteroendocrine cells
c) D- cells
d) G- cells

Answer 20

a) A- cells

Question 21

Which type of cell appear in the base of fundic glands ?

a) zymogenic cells
b) parietal cells
c) mucous neck cells
d) oxygenic cells

Answer 21

a) zymogenic ( chief ) cells

Question 22

How does the hormonal stimulation induce the release of pepsinogen ?

Answer 22

Secreten will bind to receptors found in the basal lamina of cheif cells

Question 23

A patient suffered painful erosive lesions in his lower jejunum that extended to the deeper layers . What might be the reason for his condition?

a) Mucosal vasoconstriction
b) Increased production of bicarbonate
c) Decrease in the amount of HCL
d) Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 23

d) Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs

The 4 causes of gastric/duodenal ulcers is :
1- Bacterial infections with Helicobacter pylori.

2- Effects of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

3- Overproduction of HCl or pepsin.

4- Lowered production or secretion of mucus or bicarbonate.

Question 24

Which nerve stimulates the zymogenic cells to release pepsinogen ?

Answer 24

Vagus nerve

Question 25

What does the D-cells secrete to inhibit the release of other hormones of DNES cells ?

Answer 25

Somatostatin

Question 26

What will happen if the secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked with an inhibitor?

Answer 26

In the absence of HCL secretion, inactive pepsinogen is not converted into the active enzyme pepsin

Question 27

A patient with pernicious anemia is associated with a reduced availability of vitamin B12 . Which type of gastric cells is lost ?

Answer 27

Parietal or oxyntic cells

Question 28

Which layer consist of the lymph vessels , nerve plexus, blood vessels and cells ?

Answer 28

Submucosa layer

Question 29

Which layer form a complex of zonulae occludentes & adherentes with neighboring cells in its cell membrane ?

Answer 29

Epithelium lining the lumen of the mucosa of the fundus

Question 30

Which of the following cell types is present in the gastric glands of the pyloric stomach?

a) Cheif cells
b) Mucous neck cells
c) Goblet cells
d) Basal cells

Answer 30

b) Mucous neck cells