Gastric Mucosa Flashcards
What are the 4 broad layers of the alimentary canal ?
1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis externa
4) Serosa or adventitia
What are the innervations of the alimentary canal ?
1) Enteric nervous system
2) Sympathetic
3) Parasympathetic
The Meissner’s plexus is found in which layer of the alimentary canal ?
Submucosa ( connective tissue layer )
What is a special feature found in the musculosa layer ?
a) Meissner’s plexus
b) Corium
c) interstitial cells of cajal
d) DNES cells
c) interstitial cells of cajal
Which system(s) is/are responsible for the modification of the enteric nerve impulses ?
The sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which part of the mucosal layer is responsible for the movement of the mucosa ?
Muscularis mucosa
Mention the 2 functions of the Meissner’s submucosal plexus .
1) Controls the motility of the mucosa
2) Controls the secretory activities of its gland
Which plexus regulates the muscularis externa and is found situated between the muscle layers ?
Auerbach’s myenteric plexus
At which condition does the stomach rugae disappear?
A distended stomach
In histology , which 2 parts of the stomach are considered identical?
Fundus and the body of stomach
What is the epithelium lining of the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium
What is the epithelium lining of the esophagus?
Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
The musculosa becomes thicker in which organ and why ?
Stomach ; because of the appearance of an inner oblique layer of muscles
At the gastro-esophageal junction, what does the lamina propria of the stomach mucosa contain ?
Branched tubular glands
or gastric glands
or fundic glands
Why does the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach secrete visible mucus?
To protect the stomach from auto digestion
What does the apical surface of the fundus comprise of ?
Short microvilli covered with glycocalyx layer
A 55-year-old man with medical history of Parkinson disease was admitted to the outpatient clinic with history of diarrhea, abdominal pain, irregular bowel movements dyspepsia and weight loss due to overproduction of serotonin . Endoscopic biopsy revealed duodenal carcinoid . Which type of cell is affected ?
a) Ecl - cells
b) Ec cells
c) Regenerative cells
d) surface mucous cells
b) Ec cells
What does the fundus contain in its apical cytoplasm?
a) gastric glands
b) mucous granules
c) zonule adherentes and zonulae occludentes
d) Oxyntic cells
b) mucous granules
What is a characteristic feature of an active parietal cell ?
a) plueripotent cells
b) ECL cells
c) basophilic cytoplasm
d) intracellular canaliculai with microvilli
d) intracellular canaliculai with microvilli
Which type of DNES cells is similar to glucagon ?
a) A- cells
b) enteroendocrine cells
c) D- cells
d) G- cells
a) A- cells
Which type of cell appear in the base of fundic glands ?
a) zymogenic cells
b) parietal cells
c) mucous neck cells
d) oxygenic cells
a) zymogenic ( chief ) cells
How does the hormonal stimulation induce the release of pepsinogen ?
Secreten will bind to receptors found in the basal lamina of cheif cells
A patient suffered painful erosive lesions in his lower jejunum that extended to the deeper layers . What might be the reason for his condition?
a) Mucosal vasoconstriction
b) Increased production of bicarbonate
c) Decrease in the amount of HCL
d) Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs
d) Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs
The 4 causes of gastric/duodenal ulcers is :
1- Bacterial infections with Helicobacter pylori.
2- Effects of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
3- Overproduction of HCl or pepsin.
4- Lowered production or secretion of mucus or bicarbonate.
Which nerve stimulates the zymogenic cells to release pepsinogen ?
Vagus nerve
