Gastric Motility and Gastric Acid Production

Question 1

Where is the pyloric gland area?

Answer 1

antrum

Question 2

Where is the oxyntic mucosa?

Answer 2

fundus and body

Question 3

What is secreted from the oxyntic mucosa?

Answer 3

HCl, Pepsinogen, Intrinsic Factor, histamine, mucus

Question 4

What is secreted from the pyloric gland area?

Answer 4

gastrin, somostatin and mucus

Question 5

What does gastrin do?

Answer 5

stimulated HCl secretion

Question 6

What does somastatin do?

Answer 6

inhibit HCl secretion

Question 7

What does HCl do?

Answer 7

activates pepsinogen to pepsin
denatures protein
kills most microorganisms

Question 8

What does pepsinogen do?

Answer 8

precursor for pepsin

Question 9

What dodes intrinsic factordo?

Answer 9

bind B12 vitamin, allowing absorption in the terminal ileum

Question 10

What does histamine do?

Answer 10

stimulate HCl secretion

Question 11

What cell secretes HCl?

Answer 11

gastric parietal cell

Question 12

What is HCl secretion in the gastric parietal cell controlled by?

Answer 12

D cells (somastatin) and G cells (gastrin) and histamine

Question 13

Where is H+/K+ ATPase in the resting state of the parietal cell?

Answer 13

largely within tubulovesicles

Question 14

Where is H+/K+ ATPase in the stimulated state?

Answer 14

the apical membrane, taking residence in extended microvilli

Question 15

What are the 3 phases of gastric secretion?

Answer 15

cephalic, gastric and intestinal

Question 16

Which stage of gastric secretion occurs before food reaches the stomach?

Answer 16

cephalic

Question 17

Which stage of gastric secretion occurs after food leaves the stomach?

Answer 17

intestinal

Question 18

In the cephalic stage, what happens to somatostatin?

Answer 18

decreases between D cell and G cell

Question 19

What happens to ACh in the cephalic stage?

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

What happens to GRP in the cephalic stage?

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

What happens to histamine and gastrin in the cephalic stage?

Answer 21

increase

Question 22

In what stage does distension occur via mechoceptors to G cells?

Answer 22

gastric

Question 23

What are added to the G cells in the gastric stage?

Answer 23

protein digestion products

Question 24

In which stage of secretion is acid secretion switched off?

Answer 24

intestinal

Question 25

What do factors that reduce gatric motility also do?

Answer 25

reduce gastric secretion

Question 26

What do prostaglandins do?

Answer 26

reduce acid secretion and increase mucus, bicarbonate secretion and blood flow