gasses Flashcards
___ __ are responsible for gas exchange
alveolar septa
4 types of cells in the alveolar septum
type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells
alveolar interstitial cells
capillary endothelial cells
name of the cells INSIDE THE ALVEOLI
alveolar macrophages
where are clara cells located?
they have high levels of ___
terminal broncholes
high levels of P450
ventilation vs perfusion
ventilation - inhalation of O2 and exhalation of CO2
perfusion - receiving the output of the right ventricle
diffusion in the lungs occurs across what?
the alveolar septum
particle sizes:
-greater than ___ are deposited in the turbulent air flow of the nose and upper airways
-____ lodge in the trachea and bronchi
___ are deposited in the terminal airways and alveoli
10 micrometers
3-10 micrometers
smaller particels
2 clearance mechanisms of the lungs
mucociliary escalator
alveolar macrophages
immune system in the lungs
BALT
(bronchial associated lymphoid tissue)
2 types of chemical-induced lung toxicity
oxidative damage
pulmonary edema
define asphyxiant
material that is capable of reducing the level of oxygen in the body to dangerous levels
2 classes of asphyxiants
simple and chemical asphyxiants
2 examples of simple asphyxiants
CO2
liquid N2
what do chemical asphyxiants do
prevent oxygen uptake by the blood (hemoglobin in the RBC)
name a chemical asphyxiant that alters the O2-carrying ability
CO
name 2 chemical asphyxiants that inhibit cellular metabolisms
cyanide
hydrogen sulfide
**PM of ____ is more toxic than larger particles because it can get into the alveoli and affect gas exchange
explain what happens
2.5 micrometers
alveolar macrophages will induce inflammation and gas exchange is affected
CO has ____-____ times affinity for hemoglobin than O2 does
200-250x
COHb
is it metabolized?
carboxyhemoglobin
not metabolized
